Synthesis of Pareto Efficient Technical Architectures for Multi-core Systems - Zverlov, Sergey; Voss, Sebastian (Computer Software and Applications Conference Workshops (COMPSACW), 2014 IEEE 38th International, 2014)
In the area of embedded systems exists a continuous need for more computing power while still fulfilling a large set of constraints in - for instance - timing, safety, cost and energy consumption. Since single-core technologies seem to reach their limits, multi-core systems became the trend in this area. This paper describes a synthesis approach of application-specific homogeneous multi-core architectures, which are optimized towards timing, number of cores and energy consumption. Our method finds the optimal number of cores of the multi-processor system, along with the mapping of tasks onto these cores with the corresponding schedules and the frequency for each core. Since the optimization criteria are concurrent, the results are presented as a Pareto front. The approach is integrated in the model-based tooling framework, called Auto FOCUS3. As input our approach uses the information from the logical architecture of AF3, which represents a component based structure view of the system under development. The approach is based on the Branch & Bound algorithm, which was adapted for our three-dimensional optimization problem.
Keywords: AutoFOCUS3; design-space exploration; DSE; architecture synthesis; HW/SW co-design; model-based systems engineering; MbSE

Testing autonomous driving systems against sensor and actuator error combinations - Minnerup, Pascal; Knoll, Alois (Intelligent Vehicles Symposium Proceedings, 2014)
Keywords: autonomous driving

Towards a 3-tier architecture for connected vehicles - Prehofer, Christian; Schorp, Konstantin; Clarke, Daniel; Kugele, Stefan; Duchon, Markus (Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Connected Vehicles and Expo (ICCVE), 2014)

Towards flexible and adaptive productions systems based on virtual cloud-based control - Prehofer, Christian; Zoitl, Alois (Emerging Technology and Factory Automation (ETFA), 2014 IEEE, 2014)

Towards Performance Awareness in Java EE Development Environments. - Danciu, Alexandru; Brunnert, Andreas; Krcmar, Helmut (Symposium on Software Performance (SOSP), 2014)

Using Architecture-Level Performance Models as Resource Profiles for Enterprise Applications. - Brunnert, Andreas; Wischer, Kilian; Krcmar, Helmut (Proceedings of the 10th ACM SIGSOFT International Conference on the Quality of Software Architectures (QoSA), 2014)
Keywords: capacity planning; energy consumption; Palladio Component Model; Performance Modeling; resource profile

Using Performance Models to Support Load Testing in a Large SOA Environment - Vögele, Christian; Brunnert, Andreas; Danciu, Alexandru; Tertilt, Daniel; Krcmar, Helmut (Proceedings of the Third International Workshop on Large Scale Testing, 2014)
Keywords: load testing; performance models; service workload; service-oriented architecture; usage scenario

Learning to track multi-target online by boosting and scene layout. - Chen, Guang; Clarke, Daniel; Zhang, Feihu; Knoll, Alois (In The 12th International Conference on Machine Learning and Applications (ICMLA13), 2013)

KVP: A Knowledge of Volumes Approach to Robot Task Planning - Gaschler, Andre; Petrick, Ronald P. A.; Giuliani, Manuel; Rickert, Markus; Knoll, Alois (Proceedings of the IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS), 2013)
Robot task planning is an inherently challenging problem, as it covers both continuous-space geometric reasoning about robot motion and perception, as well as purely symbolic knowledge about actions and objects. This paper presents a novel "knowledge of volumes" framework for solving generic robot tasks in partially known environments. In particular, this approach (abbreviated, KVP) combines the power of symbolic, knowledge-level AI planning with the efficient computation of volumes, which serve as an intermediate representation for both robot action and perception. While we demonstrate the effectiveness of our framework in a bimanual robot bartender scenario, our approach is also more generally applicable to tasks in automation and mobile manipulation, involving arbitrary numbers of manipulators.
Keywords: robotics; james

Advanced software engineering in industrial automation - Vyatkin, Valeriy; Zoitl, Alois (Control Engineering Practice, 2013)

Design patterns for separating fault handling from control code in discrete manufacturing systems - Steinegger, Michael; Zoitl, Alois; Fein, Martin; Schitter, Georg (Industrial Electronics Society, IECON 2013 - 39th Annual Conference of the IEEE, 2013)

3D Image-based Dynamic Visual Servoing with Uncalibrated Stereo Cameras - Cai, Caixia; Dean-Leon, Emmanuel; Somani, Nikhil; Knoll, Alois (The 44th Internation Symposium on Robotics (ISR), 2013)
Keywords: robotics

Feature-based Development of State Transition Diagrams with Property Preservation - Prehofer, Christian (10 th Workshop on Model Driven Engineering, Verification and Validation MoDeVVa 2013, 2013)

RACE: A Centralized Platform Computer Based Architecture for Automotive Applications - Sommer, Stephan; Camek, Alexander; Buckl, Christian; Becker, Klaus; Zirkler, Andreas; Fiege, Ludger; Armbruster, Michael; Knoll, Alois (Vehicular Electronics Conference (VEC) and the International Electric Vehicle Conference (IEVC) (VEC/IEVC 2013), 2013)
In the last couple of years software functionality of modern cars increased dramatically. This growing functionality leads directly to a higher complexity of development and configuration. Current studies show that the amount of software will continue to grow. Additionally, advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) and autonomous functionality, such as highly and fully automated driving or parking, will be introduced. Many of these new functions require access to different communication domains within the car, which increases system complexity. AUTOSAR, the software architecture established as a standard in the automotive domain, provides no methodologies to reduce this kind of complexity and to master new challenges. One solution for these evolving systems is developed in the RACE project. Here, a centralized platform computer (CPC) is introduced, which is inspired by the well-established approach used in other domains like avionics and automation. The CPC establishes a generic safety-critical execution environment for applications, providing interfaces for test and verification as well as a reliable communication infrastructure to smart sensors and actuators. A centralized platform also significantly reduces the complexity of integration and verification of new applications, and enables the support for Plug&Play.
Keywords: embedded; RACE; Model-based Systems Engineering; MbSE

Security policies for distributed systems - Quilbeuf, Jean; Igna, Georgeta; Bytschkow, Denis; Rueß, Harald (arXiv preprint, 2013)
A security policy specifies a security property as the maximal information flow. A distributed system composed of interacting processes implicitly defines an intransitive security policy by repudiating direct information flow between processes that do not exchange messages directly. We show that implicitly defined security policies in distributed systems are enforced, provided that processes run in separation, and possible process communication on a technical platform is restricted to specified message paths of the system. Furthermore, we propose to further restrict the allowable information flow by adding filter functions for controlling which messages may be transmitted between processes, and we prove that locally checking filter functions is sufficient for ensuring global security policies. Altogether, global intransitive security policies are established by means of local verification conditions for the (trusted) processes of the distributed system. Moreover, security policies may be implemented securely on distributed integration platforms which ensure partitioning. We illustrate our results with a smart grid case study, where we use CTL model checking for discharging local verification conditions for each process under consideration.
Keywords: Model-based Systems Engineering; MbSE

Task-Based Evaluation of Context-Sensitive Referring Expressions in Human-Robot Dialogue - Foster, Mary Ellen; Giuliani, Manuel; Isard, Amy (Language and Cognitive Processes, 2013)
Keywords: robotics; james

Scene Perception and Recognition for Human-Robot Co-Operation - Somani, Nikhil; Dean-Leon, Emmanuel; Cai, Caixia; Knoll, Alois (ICIAP'13 workshop: First International Workshop on Assistive Computer Vision and Robotics (ACVR 2013). The 17th International Conference on Image Analysis and Processing., 2013)
Keywords: robotics; smerobotics

Programme auf Knopfdruck? - Geisinger, Michael; Cheng, Chih-Hong (Computer & Automation, 2013)
Die Idee klingt verlockend: Steuerungsprogramme einfach auf Knopfdruck erzeugen und nicht mehr aufwendig per Hand erstellen. Was steckt konkret hinter diesem Ansatz und wie lässt er sich in der Praxis umsetzen?

The RoboEarth language: Representing and Exchanging Knowledge about Actions, Objects and Environments (Extended Abstract) - Tenorth, Moritz; Perzylo, Alexander; Lafrenz, Reinhard; Beetz, Michael (IJCAI'13: Proceedings of the 23rd international joint conference on Artifical intelligence, 2013)
The community-based generation of content has been tremendously successful in the World Wide Web - people help each other by providing information that could be useful to others. We are trying to transfer this approach to robotics in order to help robots acquire the vast amounts of knowledge needed to competently perform everyday tasks. RoboEarth is intended to be a web community by robots for robots to autonomously share descriptions of tasks they have learned, object models they have created, and environments they have explored. In this paper, we report on the formal language we developed for encoding this information and present our approaches to solve the inference problems related to finding information, to determining if information is usable by a robot, and to grounding it on the robot platform.
Best papers and thesis in sister conferences track. (Invited Paper)
Keywords: robotics

From the Internet of Things to Trusted Apps for Things - Prehofer, Christian (Green Computing and Communications (GreenCom), 2013 IEEE and Internet of Things (iThings/CPSCom), IEEE International Conference on and IEEE Cyber, Physical and Social Computing, 2013)

Perception and Reasoning for Scene Understanding in Human-Robot Interaction Scenarios - Somani, Nikhil; Dean-Leon, Emmanuel; Cai, Caixia; Knoll, Alois (CAIP'13 workshop: Recognition and Action for Scene understanding (REACTS 2013). The 15th International Conference of Computer Analysis of Images and Patterns., 2013)
Keywords: robotics; smerobotics

Scene Perception and Recognition in Industrial Environments for Human-Robot Interaction - Somani, Nikhil; Dean-Leon, Emmanuel; Cai, Caixia; Knoll, Alois (9th International Symposium on Visual Computing (ISVC'13), 2013)
Keywords: robotics; smerobotics

A Deliberation Layer for Instantiating Robot Execution Plans from Abstract Task Descriptions - Marco, Daniel Di; Janssen, Rob; Perzylo, Alexander; de Molengraft, Marinus J. G. Van; Levi, Paul (International Conference on Automated Planning and Scheduling (ICAPS) Workshop on Planning and Robotics (PlanRob), 2013)
We present an application of Hierarchical Task Network (HTN) planning to create robot execution plans, that are adapted to the environment and the robot hardware from abstract task descriptions. Our main intention is to show that different robotic platforms can make use of the same high level symbolic task description. As an off-the-shelf planning component, the SHOP2 HTN planner is adopted. All the domain knowledge is encoded in the Web Ontology Language (OWL) and stored in a world wide accessible database, which allows multiple systems to reuse and improve upon this knowledge. For task execution, the execution plan is generated using the CRAM plan language (CPL). We demonstrate the functionality of the system in executing a pick-and-place task in a simulated environment with two different service robots, the TU/e Amigo robot prototype and the Fraunhofer IPA Care-O-Bot 3. The experiment shows that although the robots differ in hardware capabilities, the use of HTN planning adds information that is crucial for successful task execution and enables both systems to successfully execute the instructed task.
Keywords: robotics

Combining Space Exploration and Heuristic Search in Online Motion Planning for Nonholonomic Vehicles - Chen, Chao; Rickert, Markus; Knoll, Alois (Proceedings of the IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium, 2013)
This paper presents an efficient motion planning method for nonholonomic vehicles, which combines space exploration and heuristic search to achieve online performance. The space exploration employs simple geometric shapes to investigate the collision-free space for the dimension and topology information. Then, the heuristic search is guided by this knowledge to generate vehicle motions under kinodynamic constraints. The overall performance of this framework greatly benefits from the cooperation of these two simple generic algorithms in suitable domains, which sequentially handles the free-space information and kinodynamic constraints. Experimental results show that this method is able to generate motions for nonholonomic vehicles in a time frame of less than 100 milliseconds for the given problem settings. The contribution of this work is the development of a Space Exploration Guided Heuristic Search with a circle-path based heuristics and adaptable search step size. The approach is grid-free and able to plan nonholonomic vehicle motions under kinodynamic constraints.
Keywords: autonomous driving; robotics; path planning; motion planning

Sicher steuern mit Multicore-Prozessoren - Barner, Simon; Huang, Jia; Voss, Sebastian (Computer & Automation, 2013)
Multicore-Prozessoren bieten sich in der Automatisierung vor allem zur Integration von Steuerungsprogrammen und somit zur Reduktion der Anzahl von Steuergeräten an. Insbesondere wenn es um sicherheitskritische Anwendungen geht, ist dabei allerdings zu gewährleisten, dass die verschiedenen Anwendungen hinreichend voneinander separiert sind. Die modellbasierte Entwicklung leistet hier wertvolle Unterstützung.
Control & Drives 2013.
Keywords: Model-based Systems Engineering; MbSE

Model-Based Safety Cases in AutoFOCUS3 (Tool Demonstration) - Kelly, Tim; Cârlan, Carmen; Voss, Sebastian (Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop on Assurance Cases for Software-intensive Systems (ASSURE 2013), 2013)
Keywords: AutoFOCUS3; model-based safety cases; ExplicitCase; model-based systems engineering; MbSE

AutoPnP - Plug-and-produce in der Automation: Wandelbare Fabrik als cyber-physisches System - Kainz, Gerd; Keddis, Nadine; Pensky, Dirk; Buckl, Christian; Zoitl, Alois; Pittschellis, Reinhard; Kärcher, Bernd (atp edition, 2013)

Deployment and Scheduling Synthesis for Mixed-Critical Shared Memory Applications - Voss, Sebastian; Schätz, Bernhard (Proceedings of the Engineering Computer-Based Systems Conference (ECBS '13), 2013)
This paper presents an efficient approach for generating suitable system architectures for embedded systems efficiently. Thereby, we focus on a joint generation of schedules and deployment for mixed-criticality multicore architectures using shared memory. The presented approach computes task and message schedules that are optimized with respect to a global discrete time base. As part of the solution, our approach generates an optimized assignment of tasks to computation resources (cores) concerning local memory constraints of cores and criticality constraints of tasks.This approach is integrated into the Auto FOCUS3 tool-chain, using a formally defined model of computation with explicit data-flow and discrete-time semantics to develop multi-criticality embedded systems. Our approach relies on a symbolic encoding scheme, based on a system model that is derived from the system architecture. This paper provides a formalization describing the scheduling problem as a satisfiability problem using boolean formulas and linear arithmetic constraints. A state-of-the-art satisfiability modulo theory (SMT) solver is used to compute the joint schedule and deployment for such architectures. This paper demonstrates that state-of-the art satisfiability modulo theory solvers can be used to efficiently compute (safety-oriented) deployments including real-time task and communication schedules for mixed-criticality applications.
Keywords: deployment synthesis; mapping; scheduling; shared-memory applications; SMT; AutoFOCUS3; design-space exploration; DSE; model-based systems engineering; MbSE

Reconfigurable Industrial Process Monitoring using the CHROMOSOME Middleware - Sommer, Stephan; Geisinger, Michael; Buckl, Christian; Bauer, Gerd; Knoll, Alois (The Fifth International Workshop on Adaptive and Reconfigurable Embedded Systems (APRES 2013), 2013)
Keywords: chromosome; embedded; multifunk; xme

Seamless Model-based Development of Embedded Systems with AF3 Phoenix - Voss, Sebastian; Kondeva, Antoaneta; Ratiu, Daniel; Schätz, Bernhard (Tool demonstration on the 20th Annual IEEE International Conference and Workshops on the Engineering of Computer Based Systems (ECBS), 2013)
To effectively and efficiently use a model-based development process, tools must offer integrated system views on several levels of abstraction, and provide useable sophisticated analysis and synthesis techniques. We demonstrate how these features are implemented for the development of embedded systems in AF3 Phoenix.
Keywords: AutoFOCUS3; methodology; tooling; model-based systems engineering; MbSE

Implementation guidelines for closed loop control algorithms on PLCs - Hametner, Reinhard; Schitter, Georg; Voigt, Andreas; Zoitl, Alois (Industrial Technology (ICIT), 2013 IEEE International Conference on, 2013)

Formal Validation of Downtimeless System Evolution in Embedded Automation Controllers - Sünder, Christoph; Vyatkin, Valeriy; Zoitl, Alois (ACM Transactions on Embedded Computer Systems (TECS), 2013)
This article presents a new formal approach to validation of on-the-fly modification of control software in automation systems. The concept of downtimeless system evolution (DSE) is introduced. The DSE is essentially based on the use of IEC 61499 system architecture and formal modeling and verification of the hardware and software of an automation device. The validation is performed by means of two complimentary techniques: analytic calculations and formal verification by model-checking.

EFSMT: A Logical Framework for Cyber-Physical Systems - Cheng, Chih-Hong; Shankar, Natarajan; Rueß, Harald; Bensalem, Saddek (CoRR, 2013)

Representation and Exchange of Knowledge about Actions, Objects, and Environments in the RoboEarth Framework - Tenorth, Moritz; Perzylo, Alexander; Lafrenz, Reinhard; Beetz, Michael (IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering (T-ASE), 2013)
The community-based generation of content has been tremendously successful in the World Wide Web - people help each other by providing information that could be useful to others. We are trying to transfer this approach to robotics in order to help robots acquire the vast amounts of knowledge needed to competently perform everyday tasks. RoboEarth is intended to be a web community by robots for robots to autonomously share descriptions of tasks they have learned, object models they have created, and environments they have explored. In this paper, we report on the formal language we developed for encoding this information and present our approaches to solve the inference problems related to finding information, to determining if information is usable by a robot, and to grounding it on the robot platform. Note to practitioners: In this paper, we report on a formal language for knowledge representation that is used in the ROBOEARTH system, a web-based knowledge base intended to be like a "Wikipedia for robots." The objective is to enable robots to share information about how to perform actions, how to recognize and interact with objects, and where to find objects in an environment. The developed language allows to store such information in a format that supports logical inference, so that robots can for example autonomously decide if they have all prerequisites needed for performing a described action. In laboratory experiments, the system has been applied to the exchange of pick-and-place style activities between two mobile manipulation robots. We are currently extending the representation towards more fine-grained action specifications.
(Best Paper Award Finalist)
Keywords: robotics

Towards Adaptable Manufacturing Systems - Keddis, Nadine; Kainz, Gerd; Buckl, Christian; Knoll, Alois (IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology (ICIT), 2013)

A Framework for Reliability-Aware Design Exploration for MPSoC Based Systems - Huang, Jia; Raabe, Andreas; Huang, Kai; Buckl, Christian; Knoll, Alois (Design Automation for Embedded Systems (DAEM), 2013)
(accepted)
Keywords: tu9

A Lane Marking Extraction Approach based on Random Finite Set Statistics - Zhang, Feihu; Stähle, Hauke; Chen, Chao; Buckl, Christian; Knoll, Alois (Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV), 2013 IEEE, 2013)

A Model-Driven Approach for Runtime Reliability Analysis - Reichenbach, Frank; Sojer, Dominik; Buckl, Christian; Knoll, Alois (Springer Computer Science - Research and Development, 2013)
Keywords: embedded; ftos

Automated Test Case Generation for Industrial Control Applications - Hametner, Reinhard; Kormann, Benjamin; Vogel-Heuser, Birgit; Winkler, Dietmar; Zoitl, Alois (Recent Advances in Robotics and Automation, 2013)

Automatic Performance Model Generation for Java Enterprise Edition (EE) Applications - Brunnert, Andreas; Vögele, Christian; Krcmar, Helmut (Computer Performance Engineering, 10th European Workshop on Performance Engineering, 2013)
Keywords: Enterprise Applications; Java Enterprise Edition; Palladio Component Model; Performance Evaluation; Performance Modeling

Comparing Task-Based and Socially Intelligent Behaviour in a Robot Bartender - Giuliani, Manuel; Petrick, Ronald P. A.; Foster, Mary Ellen; Gaschler, Andre; Isard, Amy; Pateraki, Maria; Sigalas, Markos (Proceedings of the 15th ACM International Conference on Multimodal Interaction (ICMI 2013), 2013)
Keywords: james; robotics

Control software development in Industrial Automation - Insaurralde, Carlos C.; Zoitl, Alois (Emerging Technologies Factory Automation (ETFA), 2013 IEEE 18th Conference on, 2013)

Cumulative Error Estimation from Noisy Relative Measurements - Zhang, Feihu; Simon, Carsten; Chen, Guang; Buckl, Christian; Knoll, Alois (16th International Conference on Intelligent Transport Systems (ITSC), 2013)
accepted

Developing a monitoring infrastructure for IEC 61499 devices - Zoitl, Alois; Ebenhofer, Gerhard; Hofmann, Michael (Emerging Technologies Factory Automation (ETFA), 2013 IEEE 18th Conference on, 2013)

Developing modular reusable IEC 61499 control applications with 4DIAC - Zoitl, Alois; Strasser, Thomas; Ebenhofer, Gerhard (Industrial Informatics (INDIN), 2013 11th IEEE International Conference on, 2013)

Effective Online Power Management with Adaptive Interplay of DVS and DPM for Embedded Real-time System - Chen, Gang; Huang, Kai; Huang, Jia; Buckl, Christian; Knoll, Alois (16th Euromicro International Conference on Digital System Design (DSD), 2013)
Keywords: tu9

EFSMT: A Logical Framework for Cyber-Physical Systems - Cheng, Chih-Hong; Shankar, Natarajan; Rueß, Harald; Bensalem, Saddek (arXiv preprint arXiv:1306.3456, 2013)

Emergency Shutdown System Demonstrator using AutoFOCUS3 - Hattendorf, Anton; Voss, Sebastian (Proceedings of the W8 Workshop on Industry-Driven Approaches for Cost-effective Certification of Safety-Critical, Mixed-Criticality Systems (WICERT) (co-located with DATE), 2013)
For safety critical applications, separation is needed in hardware and software. The model based development tool AutoFocus 3 supports design, simulation and verification of safety critical applications. It uses a hierarchical component based model and provides a complete tool chain from application design to running code. Our separation platform provides spatial and temporal separation in a shared memory architecture. Temporal separation is archived through a special DDR2 arbiter, while spatial separation is enforced through a MPU that guards the shared memory. The Emergency Shutdown System Demonstrator - jointly implemented by Danfoss Drives and fortiss GmbH - implements a software controlled emergency shutdown system. It uses a dual core architecture. All inputs are forwarded to both cores. When the emergency switch is hit, both cores independently shut down the system. The application logic is designed and verified using AF3. The application components are deployed to the cores. Finally the automated code generation of the AF3 tool chain is used to bring the application to the hardware.
Keywords: AutoFOCUS3; Danfoss; Emergency Shutdown; Demonstrator; Model-based Systems Engineering; MbSE

Energy Optimization with Worst-Case Deadline Guarantee for Pipelined Multiprocessor Systems - Chen, Gang; Huang, Kai; Buckl, Christian; Knoll, Alois (Design, Automation and Test in Europe (DATE), 2013)

Extraction of Automation System Engineering Knowledge for Mapping Plant and Simulation Interfaces - Novak, Petr; Melik-Merkumians, Martin; Steinegger, Michael; Moser, Thomas; Sindelar, Radek; Zoitl, Alois (Service Orientation in Holonic and Multi Agent Manufacturing and Robotics, 2013)
Keywords: IEC 81346; interface description; OPC UA; semantic integration; simulation

Future Cars: Necessity for an Adaptive and Distributed Multiple Independent Levels of Security (MILS) Architecture - Camek, Alexander; Buckl, Christian; Knoll, Alois (Proceedings of the 2nd ACM International Conference on High Confidence Networked Systems (HiCoNS), 2013)

How Can I Help You? Comparing Engagement Classification Strategies for a Robot Bartender - Foster, Mary Ellen; Gaschler, Andre; Giuliani, Manuel (Proceedings of the 15th ACM International Conference on Multimodal Interaction (ICMI 2013), 2013)
Keywords: james; robotics

How to specify cloud service demand - An approach recognizing planned application - Wollersheim, Jan; Hoberg, Patrick; Krcmar, Helmut (2013)

Integrating the Palladio-Bench into the Software Development Process of a SOA Project - Brunnert, Andreas; Danciu, Alexandru; Vögele, Christian; Tertilt, Daniel; Krcmar, Helmut (Symposium on Software Performance, 2013)

JBernstein: A Validity Checker for Generalized Polynomial Constraints - Cheng, Chih-Hong; Rueß, Harald; Shankar, Natarajan (Computer Aided Verification - 25th International Conference, CAV 2013, Saint Petersburg, Russia, July 13-19, 2013. Proceedings, 2013)

Methods and tools for reducing certification costs of mixed-criticality applications on multi-core platforms: the RECOMP approach - Pop, Paul; Tsiopoulos, Leonidas; Voss, Sebastian; Slotosch, Oscar; Ficek, Christoph; Nyman, Ulrik; Lopez, Alejandra Ruiz (Proceedings of the W8 Workshop on Industry-Driven Approaches for Cost-effective Certification of Safety-Critical, Mixed-Criticality Systems (WICERT) (co-located with DATE), 2013)
The current trends in embedded systems are driving the integration of more functions in one processing element. At the same time, multicore architectures are increasingly used to improve performance, reduce costs, power consumption and size. Safety-critical applications are developed according to certification standards, which, depending on the criticality level, dictate the development processes and certification procedures that have to be followed. Functions of different criticalities have to be separated, both temporally and spatially, otherwise a low-criticality function can corrupt a high-criticality function. Separation is difficult to achieve in multicores, which leads to very high certification costs: all the functions on a multicore have to be developed as if they are of highest criticality. The RECOMP (Reduced certification cost for trusted multicore platforms) project aims at reducing the certification costs of mixed-criticality applications on multicore platforms, and addresses several industries, including industrial automation, automotive and avionics. The reduction in certification costs is achieved through (1) the use of separation solutions among mixed-criticality functions, through a combination of communication infrastructure, hardware, operating systems and middleware, methods and tools and component models, such that the required independence is achieved; (2) reducing the need for tool qualification, which is very expensive, by performing a tool-chain analysis of the tools used to develop a particular system; (3) methods and tools which reduce development costs and assist the designers in the certification lifecycle. This paper presents the RECOMP approach to safety-critical multicore systems, with a focus on methods and tools.
Keywords: Model-based Systems Engineering; MbSE

Minimizing Data Consumption with Sequential Online Feature Selection - Rueckstiess, T; Osendorfer, C; van der Smagt, Patrick (International Journal of Machine Learning and Cybernetics, 2013)

MIRA: A Tooling-Framework to Experiment with Model-Based Requirements Engineering - Teufl, Sabine; Mou, Dongyue; Ratiu, Daniel (Proceedings of the 21st IEEE International Requirements Engineering Conference (RE), 2013)
Model-based requirements engineering supports eliciting, specifying and analyzing the work products elaborated during the requirements engineering process by providing adequate models. However, especially the inclusion of formal models needs to be investigated further. These models represent requirements and have to be integrated with reference models that define and structure the work results and their relations. We have developed the research tool MIRA to provide an infrastructure for the tool-based evaluation of the usage of models in the field of requirements engineering. In this paper we present the research questions addressed by MIRA concerning the reference model and the formal models. We explain how MIRA supports answering these research questions.
Keywords: AutoFOCUS3; MIRA; model-based requirements engineering; model-based systems engineering; MbSE

Multiple Vehicle Cooperative Localization Under Random Finite Set Framework - Zhang, Feihu; Stähle, Hauke; Chen, Guang; Buckl, Christian; Knoll, Alois (IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems, 2013)
accepted

On Behavioral Types for OSGi: From Theory to Implementation - Blech, Jan Olaf; Rueß, Harald; Schätz, Bernhard (CoRR, 2013)

Pattern-Based Methods for Model-Based Safety-Critical Software Architecture Design: A PhD Thesis Proposal - Khalil, Maged (Software Engineering (Workshops), 2013)
Software-intensive systems that perform safety-critical tasks are increasingly prevalent and pervasive in today's world. Driven by the incessant increase in the number of integrated control units, communication systems and software, managing architectural complexity, let alone mastering it, is becoming an increasingly difficult task. Safety standards recommend (if not dictate) performing many analyses during the concept phase of development as well as the early adoption of multiple measures at the architectural design level, most of which has become part of the day-today business of safety-critical development, yet has to receive adequate tool support. This is particularly true if one wishes to front-load these aspects into an integrated solution environment, in which these (mostly) repetitive tasks can be automated. Model-based development techniques are increasingly used and well suited for these parameters. Combining argumentation logic used for safety cases and safety concepts with abstract reasoning using model-based system description I argue about architectural optimization for safety-critical development. My approach allows reasoning about the system through the use of compositional description, which integrates physical environment models with system functional description models, and links problem-solving patterns with component model libraries which include nominal as well as faulty behavior.
Keywords: Model-based Systems Engineering; MbSE

Performance-Modellierung und Simulation eines SAP-Netweaver-Portal-Systems - Mayer, Manuel (Technische Universität München, 2013)

PROCUREMENT OF CLOUD SERVICES: SEVEN PRINCIPLES TO SUCCESS - Wollersheim, Jan; Hoberg, Patrick; Krcmar, Helmut (2013)

Production Plan-Driven Flexible Assembly Automation Architecture - Zoitl, Alois; Kainz, Gerd; Keddis, Nadine (Industrial Applications of Holonic and Multi-Agent Systems, 2013)
Keywords: discrete manufacturing; flexible adaptive production; Recipe-based control

Providing security to a smart grid prosumer system based on a service oriented architecture in an office environment - Camek, Alexander; Hölzl, Florian; Bytschkow, Denis (Innovative Smart Grid Technologies (ISGT), 2013 IEEE PES, 2013)

Providing security to a smart grid prosumer system based on a service-oriented architecture in an office environment - Camek, Alexander; Hölzl, Florian; Bytschkow, Denis (IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference, ISGT, 2013)

Purchasing processes for cloud services - An exploratory study of process influencing factors - Wollersheim, Jan; Krcmar, Helmut (2013)

Relation between object properties and EMG during reaching to grasp - Fligge, N.; Urbanek, Holger; van der Smagt, Patrick (Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology, 2013)

Robot Task and Motion Planning with Sets of Convex Polyhedra - Gaschler, Andre; Petrick, Ronald P. A.; Kröger, Torsten; Khatib, Oussama; Knoll, Alois (Robotics: Science and Systems (RSS) Workshop on Combined Robot Motion Planning and AI Planning for Practical Applications, 2013)
Keywords: robotics; james

Robot Task Planning with Contingencies for Run-time Sensing - Gaschler, Andre; Petrick, Ronald P. A.; Kröger, Torsten; Knoll, Alois; Khatib, Oussama (Proceedings of the Workshop on Combining Task and Motion Planning, IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA), 2013)
Keywords: robotics; james

Robots Driven by Compliant Actuators: Optimal Control under Actuation Constraints - Braun, DJ; Petit, F; Huber, F; Haddadin, S.; van der Smagt, Patrick; Albu-Schaeffer, Alin; Vijayakumar, S (IEEE Transactions on Robotics, 2013)

Separating Movement and Gravity Components in an Acceleration Signal and Implications for the Assessment of Human Daily Physical Activity - van Hees, Vincent T.; Gorzelniak, Lukas; Dean-Leon, Emmanuel; Eder, Martin; Pias, Marcelo; Taherian, Salman; Ekelund, Ulf; Renström, Frida; Franks, Paul W.; Horsch, Alexander; Brage, Soren (PLoS ONE, 2013)
Keywords: robotics

Synthesizing Controllers for Automation Tasks with Performance Guarantees - Cheng, Chih-Hong; Geisinger, Michael; Buckl, Christian (Model Checking Software - 20th International Symposium, SPIN 2013, Stony Brook, NY, USA, July 8-9, 2013. Proceedings, 2013)

System requirements in industrial automation - Insaurralde, Carlos C.; Zoitl, Alois (Industrial Informatics (INDIN), 2013 11th IEEE International Conference on, 2013)

Task Dependency of Grip Stiffness—A Study of Human Grip Force and Grip Stiffness Dependency during Two Different Tasks with Same Grip Forces - Hoeppner, H.; McIntyre, J; van der Smagt, Patrick (Plos ONE, 2013)

The Introduction of a New Robot for Assistance in Ophthalmic Surgery - Nasseri, M. Ali; Eder, Martin; Dean-Leon, Emmanuel; Nair, Suraj; Zapp, Daniel; Maier, Mathias; Lohmann, C. P.; Knoll, Alois (35th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology and Biology Society (EMBC'13), 2013)
Keywords: robotics

Towards a bottom-up development of reference architectures for smart energy systems - Irlbeck, Maximilian; Bytschkow, Denis; Hackenberg, Georg; Koutsoumpas, Vasileios (Software Engineering Challenges for the Smart Grid (SE4SG), 2013 2nd International Workshop on, 2013)

Towards Modular Certification using Integrated Model-Based Safety Cases - Voss, Sebastian; Schätz, Bernhard; Khalil, Maged; Cârlan, Carmen (Proceedings of the International Workshop on Verification and Assurance (VeriSure 2013) (co-located with CAV), 2013)
Software-intensive systems are characterized by an increasing number of features implementing complex functionalities. In many domains, these new functionalities perform more and more safety-critical tasks. To argue about the safety of such systems, Safety Cases are a proven technique that allows a systematic argumentation. Safety Cases may contain complex arguments that can be decomposed corresponding to modular system artifacts. This paper illustrates how a model-based system design can be tightly integrated with safety case arguments, to demonstrate both how safety cases link safety-specific analysis techniques like FMEA or FTA to architectural elements to provide evidence for safety argumentation, as well as how safety cases can be directly applied to efficiently guide the construction of the system architecture w.r.t. the claims given in the safety case. We demonstrate how existing information about the system and tool assisted techniques (e.g. formal verification, statistical testing) can be integrated into a safety case for a convincing argument in a seamless model-based development environment.
Keywords: Modular Certification; Safety Cases; Model-based Development; AutoFOCUS3; model-based safety cases; ExplicitCase; model-based systems engineering; MbSE

Training and evaluation of an MDP model for social multi-user human-robot interaction - Keizer, Simon; Foster, Mary Ellen; Lemon, Oliver; Gaschler, Andre; Giuliani, Manuel (Proceedings of the 14th Annual SIGdial Meeting on Discourse and Dialogue, 2013)
Keywords: robotics; james

TUMsBendingUnits from TU Munich: RoboCup 2012 Logistics League Champion - Jentzsch, Sören; Riedel, Sebastian; Denz, Sebastian; Brunner, Sebastian (RoboCup 2012: Robot Soccer World Cup XVI, 2013)
Keywords: robotics

Uncalibrated 3D Stereo Image-based Dynamic Visual Servoing for Robot Manipulators - Cai, Caixia; Dean-Leon, Emmanuel; Mendoza, Dario; Somani, Nikhil; Knoll, Alois (IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS), 2013)
accepted
Keywords: robotics

Using Embodied Multimodal Fusion to Perform Supportive and Instructive Robot Roles in Human-Robot Interaction - Giuliani, Manuel; Knoll, Alois (International Journal of Social Robotics, 2013)
Keywords: Embodied multimodal fusion; Human-robot interaction; Robot roles; robotics; james

Verification of hierarchical IEC 61499 component systems with behavioral event contracts - Prähofer, Herbert; Zoitl, Alois (Industrial Informatics (INDIN), 2013 11th IEEE International Conference on, 2013)

Virtual Whiskers – Highly Responsive Robot Collision Avoidance - Schlegl, Thomas; Kröger, Torsten; Gaschler, Andre; Khatib, Oussama; Zangl, Hubert (IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS), 2013)
Keywords: robotics

Implementation of an event-based low-level control for mobile robots - Koppensteiner, Gottfried; Schwingenschlögl, Christian; Merdan, Munir; Zoitl, Alois (Mechatronics and Machine Vision in Practice (M2VIP), 2012 19th International Conference, 2012)

Towards Certified Runtime Verification - Blech, Jan Olaf; Falcone, Yliès; Becker, Klaus (Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Formal Engineering Methods (ICFEM 2012), 2012)
Runtime verification (RV) is a successful technique to monitor system behavior at runtime and potentially take compensating actions in case of deviation from a specification. For the usage in safety critical systems the question of reliability of RV components arises since in existing approaches RV components are not verified and may themselves be erroneous. In this paper, we present work towards a framework for certified RV components. We present a solution for implementations of transition functions of RV monitors and prove them correct using the Coq proof assistant. We extract certified executable OCaml code and use it inside RV monitors. We investigate an application scenario in the domain of automotive embedded systems and present performance evaluation for some monitored properties.
Keywords: Model-based Systems Engineering; MbSE

A Generic Approach Simplifying Model-to-Model Transformation Chains - Kainz, Gerd; Buckl, Christian; Knoll, Alois (Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems, 2012)

Calibration of a physics-based model of an anthropomimetic robot using Evolution Strategies - Wittmeier, Steffen; Gaschler, Andre; Jantsch, M.; Dalamagkidis, K.; Knoll, Alois (Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS), 2012 IEEE/RSJ InternationalConference on, 2012)
Keywords: eccerobot; robotics

Single Camera Visual Odometry Based on Random Finite Set Statistics - Zhang, Feihu; Stähle, Hauke; Gaschler, Andre; Buckl, Christian; Knoll, Alois (IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS), 2012)
accepted
Keywords: robotics

A Sensor Fusion Approach for Localization with Cumulative Error Elimination - Zhang, Feihu; Stähle, Hauke; Chen, Guang; Chen, Gang; Simon, Carsten; Buckl, Christian; Knoll, Alois; Schrott, Gerhard (Proceedings of 2012 IEEE International Conference on Multisensor Fusion and Information Integration (MFI 2012), 2012)

Binding requirements and component architecture by using model-based test-driven development - Mou, Dongyue; Ratiu, Daniel (2012 First IEEE International Workshop on the Twin Peaks of Requirements and Architecture (TwinPeaks), 2012)
Model-based testing is a well known technique to generate automatically highly qualitative tests for a given system based on a simplified testing model. Test-driven development is an established development practice in the agile development projects, which implies firstly the partial specification of a system by using tests, and after this, the development of the system. In test driven development the system implementation is continuously checked against the tests in order to assess its correctness with respect to the specification. In this paper we investigate how can these two methods be combined such that the advantages of these two approaches can be leveraged: highly qualitative test-cases used as specification of requirements and support of a continuous checking of architecture. We propose to formalize sub-sets of requirements into models that are amenable to generate tests by using automatic techniques well-known from model based testing. These tests can then be used to check the system architecture specification against the requirements in a continuous manner.
Keywords: automatic programming; formal specification; object-oriented programming; program testing; program verification; software architecture; software prototyping; AutoFOCUS3; MIRA; model-based requirements engineering; model-based systems engineering; MbSE

Combining Classical and Embodied Multimodal Fusion for Human-Robot Interaction - Giuliani, Manuel; de Ruiter, Jan (Proceedings of the Embodied and Situated Language Processing 2012 (ESLP 2012), 2012)
Keywords: robotics

Demo Abstract: An Inverted Pendulum demonstrator for Timed Model-based Design of Embedded Systems - Huang, Kai; Chen, Gang; Keddis, Nadine; Geisinger, Michael; Buckl, Christian (2012 IEEE/ACM Third International Conference on Cyber-Physical Systems (ICCPS), 2012)
Keywords: chromosome; embedded systems; field programmable gate arrays; FPGA platform; inverted pendulum demonstrator; middleware; model-based software design; modular software framework; nonlinear systems; pendulums; safety-critical embedded systems; safety-critical software; timed model-based design

Reusing Test-Cases on Different Levels of Abstraction in a Model Based Development Tool - Blech, Jan Olaf; Mou, Dongyue; Ratiu, Daniel (Proceedings 7th Workshop on Model-Based Testing (MBT), 2012)
Seamless model based development aims to use models during all phases of the development process of a system. During the development process in a component-based approach, components of a system are described at qualitatively differing abstraction levels: during requirements engineering component models are rather abstract high-level and underspecified, while during implementation the component models are rather concrete and fully specified in order to enable code generation. An important issue that arises is assuring that the concrete models correspond to abstract models. In this paper, we propose a method to assure that concrete models for system components refine more abstract models for the same components. In particular we advocate a framework for reusing testcases at different abstraction levels. Our approach, even if it cannot completely prove the refinement, can be used to ensure confidence in the development process. In particular we are targeting the refinement of requirements which are represented as very abstract models. Besides a formal model of our approach, we discuss our experiences with the development of an Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) system in a model driven development process. This uses extensions which we implemented for our model-based development tool and which are briefly presented in this paper.
Keywords: AutoFOCUS3; model-based testing; model-based systems engineering; MbSE

Scheduling shared memory multicore architectures in AutoFOCUS3 using Satisfiability Modulo Theories - Voss, Sebastian; Schätz, Bernhard (Tagungsband - Dagstuhl-Workshop MBEES: Modellbasierte Entwicklung eingebetteter Systeme VIII, MBEES 2012, 2012)
This paper presents an approach to task and message scheduling for multicore architectures using a shared memory. A shared memory architecture is used in most of the current multicore systems. The presented approach is integrated in the AUTOFOCUS 3 toolchain that allows to automatically compute schedules for this architecture to fulfill certain system requirements. AUTOFOCUS 3 models are based on a formally defined system model using explicit data-flow and discrete-time semantics. Our approach relies on a symbolic encoding scheme, based on a scheduling model, that we generate out of AUTOFO-CUS 3 system architectures. This encoding scheme relies on the AUTOFOCUS 3 semantics of strong-and weak-causal com-ponents and enables to generate schedules, that fulfill certain system properties. In this paper we focus on finding optimized schedules with respect to the global discrete time base. This paper provides a formalization that describes the scheduling problem as a satisfiability problem using boolean formulas and linear arithmetical constraints. A state-of-the-art satisfiability modulo theories (SMT) solver is then used to compute these schedules. This paper demonstrates that state-of-the art satisfiability modulo theories solver can be used to to compute a schedule that fulfills certain system requirements and meet the challenges of providing both a convenient modeling language and the performance to solve industrialized-sized design problems.
Keywords: AutoFOCUS3; design-space exploration; DSE; scheduling; model-based systems engineering; MbSE

Agenda CPS - Integrierte Forschungsagenda Cyber-Physical Systems - Buckl, Christian; Sojer, Dominik; Sommer, Stephan (Springer, 2012)

SW-basierte Integration von neuen Fahrzeugfunktionen in zentralisierten Controllern - Becker, Klaus; Buckl, Christian; Camek, Alexander; Falk, Reiner; Fiege, Ludger; Gessner, Jürgen; Sommer, Stephan (Automotive - Safety & Security, 2012)
In aktuellen Fahrzeugen wird ein wesentlicher Teil der Fahrzeugfunktionen durch Software realisiert. Die Integration aktiv eingreifender Assistenzsysteme wird diesen Trend noch verstärken und die Komplexität des Bordnetzes wird weiter zunehmen. In diesem Artikel stellen wir einen Ansatz vor, Bordnetz und Software im Fahrzeug über eine datenzentrische Middleware zu entkoppeln. Sie koordiniert die Kommunikation zwischen Funktionen, Sensorik und Aktorik zur Laufzeit. Basierende auf einer Zentralrechnerarchitektur wird eine redundante Datenbasis zur Verfügung gestellt, die eine fail-operational Ausführung auch von sicherheitskritischen Funktionen erlaubt. Wir stellen am Beispiel Plug-and-Play (PnP) eine neue Sekundärfunktion vor, die durch diesen Ansatz ermöglicht wird. Safetyund Security-Aspekte der vorgestellten Architektur werden ebenfalls betrachtet.
Keywords: Model-based Systems Engineering; MbSE

agendaCPS: Integrierte Forschungsagenda Cyber-Physical Systems - Geisberger, Eva; Broy, Manfred; Cengarle, Maria Victoria; Keil, Patrick; Niehaus, Jürgen; Thiel, Christian; Thönnißen-Fries, Hans-Jürgen (2012)

An Automotive Side-View System Based on Ethernet and IP - Camek, Alexander; Buckl, Christian; Correia, Pedro S.; Knoll, Alois (26th International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications Workshops (WAINA), 2012)

Applying formal software engineering techniques to smart grids - Hackenberg, Georg; Irlbeck, Maximilian; Koutsoumpas, Vasileios; Bytschkow, Denis (Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Software Engineering Challenges for the Smart Grid, 2012)

Behavioral specification based runtime monitors for OSGi services - Blech, Jan Olaf; Falcone, Yliès; Rueß, Harald; Schätz, Bernhard (Leveraging Applications of Formal Methods, Verification and Validation. Technologies for Mastering Change, 2012)

Behavioral Specification Based Runtime Monitors for OSGi Services - Blech, Jan Olaf; Falcone, Yliès; Rueß, Harald; Schätz, Bernhard (Leveraging Applications of Formal Methods, Verification and Validation. Technologies for Mastering Change - 5th International Symposium, ISoLA 2012, Heraklion, Crete, Greece, October 15-18, 2012, Proceedings, P, 2012)

Clinical Motion Tracking and Motion Analysis during Ophthalmic Surgery Using Electromagnetic Tracking System - Nasseri, M. Ali; Dean-Leon, Emmanuel; Nair, Suraj; Eder, Martin; Maier, Mathias; Lohmann, C. P.; Knoll, Alois (Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on BioMedical Engineering and Informatics (BMEI 2012), 2012)
Keywords: augmented reality; Electromagnetic Tracking; ophthalmology; robotic surgery; robotics

Cloud Computing – Überblick und Herausforderungen für das Controlling - Hoberg, Patrick; Wollersheim, Jan; Böhm, Markus; Krcmar, Helmut (Zeitschrift für Controlling, 2012)

Combined Simulation of Energy and Thermal Management for an Electronic Vehicle - Mohrmann, Björn; Simon, Carsten; Jeck, Peter; Ungemann, Jochen; Eckstein, Lutz (2nd International Energy Efficient Vehicles Conference (EEVC), 2012)

Conforming the runtime inputs for hard real-time embedded systems - Huang, Kai; Chen, Gang; Buckl, Christian; Knoll, Alois (Proceedings of the 49th Design Automation Conference (DAC), 2012)
Keywords: greedy shaper; leaky bucket; real-time calculus

Cyber-Physical Systems: Driving Force for Innovations in Mobility, Health, Energy and Production - Broy, Manfred; Geisberger, Eva; Cengarle, Maria Victoria; Keil, Patrick; Niehaus, Jürgen; Thiel, Christian; Thönnißen-Fries, Hans-Jürgen (2012)

Cyber-Physical Systems: Imminent Challenges - Broy, Manfred; Cengarle, Maria Victoria; Geisberger, Eva (Large-Scale Complex IT Systems. Development, Operation and Management, 2012)

Cyber-Physical Systems: Innovationsmotor für Mobilität, Gesundheit, Energie und Produktion - Broy, Manfred; Geisberger, Eva; Cengarle, Maria Victoria; Keil, Patrick; Niehaus, Jürgen; Thiel, Christian; Thönnißen-Fries, Hans-Jürgen (2012)

Deriving fault-detection mechanisms from safety requirements - Sojer, Dominik; Buckl, Christian; Knoll, Alois (Springer Computer Science - Research and Development, 2012)
Keywords: embedded; ftos

Distributed Priority Synthesis - Cheng, Chih-Hong; Yan, Rongjie; Bensalem, Saddek; Rueß, Harald (Proceedings Seventh Conference on Systems Software Verification, SSV 2012, Sydney, Australia, 28-30 November 2012., 2012)

Distributed priority synthesis using knowledge - Cheng, Chih-Hong; Yan, Rongjie; Rueß, Harald; Bensalem, Saddek (Proceedings of the 2nd edition on Programming systems, languages and applications based on actors, agents, and decentralized control abstractions, AGERE! 2012, October 21-22, 2012, Tucson, Arizona, USA, 2012)

Early Safety Evaluation of Design Decisions in E/E Architecture according to ISO 26262 - Rupanov, Vladimir; Buckl, Christian; Fiege, Ludger; Armbruster, Michael; Knoll, Alois; Spiegelberg, Gernot (Proceedings of the 3rd International ACM SIGSOFT Symposium on Architecting Critical Systems, 2012)

Easy-to-use SAP sizing based on evolutionary generated scalability models - Tertilt, Daniel; Krcmar, Helmut (Conference on Enterprise Information Systems, 2012)
Sizing an SAP ERP system's hardware is a complex task, due to the numerous factors affecting the system?s performance and scalability. To ease the effort required for the sizing process, we developed the SAP Sizing Calculator (SC) tool. The SC requires a minimum set of input data and provides a fast prediction of the estimated system performance. The prediction algorithm is based on the results of a synthetic benchmark, the Zachmanntest, which we applied to various x86 servers. From the numerous Zachmanntest results we extracted scalability models using evolutionary algorithms, which we integrated into the SC. Beside its simple application the SC provides an extension interface for easy integration of scalability models derived from SAP systems deployed on other server architectures.

Embedded Systems and Software Challenges in Electric Vehicles - Chakraborty, Samarjit; Lukasiewycz, Martin; Buckl, Christian; Fahmy, Suhaib; Chang, Naehyuck; Park, Sangyoung; Kim, Younghyun; Leteinturier, Patrick; Adlkoferl, Hans (In Design, Automation and Test in Europe (DATE), 2012)

Establishing a Smart Grid Node Architecture and Demonstrator in an Office Environment Using the SOA Approach - Koss, Dagmar; Bytschkow, Denis; Gupta, Pragya Kirti; Schätz, Bernhard; Sellmayr, Florian; Bauereiß, Steffen (ICSE :International Workshop on Software Engineering Challenges for the Smart Grid(SE4SG), 2012)

Game solving for industrial automation and control - Cheng, Chih-Hong; Geisinger, Michael; Rueß, Harald; Buckl, Christian; Knoll, Alois (IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, ICRA 2012, 14-18 May, 2012, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA, 2012)

Guidelines and Patterns for Building Hierarchical Automation Solutions in the IEC 61499 Modeling Language - Zoitl, Alois; Prähofer, Herbert (IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, 2012)
The IEC 61499 modeling language pursues a component-based approach with modular building blocks coupled by ports and arranged in a hierarchical manner. Like similar approaches, the IEC 61499 language does not define how functional hierarchies of upper- and lower-level functional entities should be built. In this paper we outline structuring principles for IEC 61499 programs with purely hierarchical control architectures. We present elementary design guidelines for structuring automation solutions in several hierarchical layers, outline which elements of the IEC 61499 language to use, discuss patterns that arise when implementing hierarchical control solutions, and illustrate the approach with a case study.

ICEIS 2012 - Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Enterprise Information Systems, Volume 1, Wroclaw, Poland, 28 June - 1 July, 2012 - Maciaszek, Leszek A.; Cuzzocrea, Alfredo; Cordeiro, José (ICEIS (1), 2012)

Implementing Modular Domain Specific Language and Analyses - Ratiu, Daniel; Voelter, Markus; Molotnikov, Zaur; Schätz, Bernhard (MoDEVVA 2012 (MODELS Workshop), 2012)

Kinematics, Control and Workspace Analysis of a Bowden Wire Actuated Manipulator for Minimally Invasive Single-Port Surgery - Can, S.; Jensen, B.; Dean-Leon, Emmanuel; Staub, C.; Knoll, Alois; Fiolka, A.; Meining, A.; Feussner, H. (IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Biomimetics (ROBIO), 2012)
Keywords: robotics

Language Engineering as an Enabler for Incrementally Defined Formal Analyses - Ratiu, Daniel; Voelter, Markus; Schätz, Bernhard; Kolb, Bernd (FormSERA 2012 (ICSE Workshop), 2012)

mbeddr - an Extensible C-based Programming Language and IDE for Embedded Systems - Voelter, Markus; Ratiu, Daniel; Kolb, Bernd; Schätz, Bernhard (Proceedings of Wavefront/SPLASH 2012, 2012)

Mechanisms to gather customer-feedback – Requirements in the cloud service ecosystem - Wollersheim, Jan; Teufl, Sabine; Hoberg, Patrick; Wolf, Petra; Krcmar, Helmut (2012)

MGSyn: Automatic Synthesis for Industrial Automation - Cheng, Chih-Hong; Geisinger, Michael; Rueß, Harald; Buckl, Christian; Knoll, Alois (Computer Aided Verification - 24th International Conference, CAV 2012, Berkeley, CA, USA, July 7-13, 2012 Proceedings, 2012)

Model-based software in-the-loop-test of autonomous systems - Bayha, Andreas; Grüneis, Franziska; Schätz, Bernhard (Proceedings of the 2012 Symposium on Theory of Modeling and Simulation - DEVS Integrative M&S Symposium, 2012)
Software for autonomous systems is hard to test, given their complex reactions as well as safety-critical behavior. Here simulation-based testing of the control software using a simulation of the environment and the platform of the system supports verification without threat to system and environment. A model-based construction of the simulated environment enables an effective verification by systematically assessing reliability issues and robustness aspects while improving its efficiency by simplifying the reuse of virtual environment. We demonstrate such a systematic approach for the verification of the control software of an autonomous unmanned arial vehicle, using Simulink as simulation environment.

Modeling the Performance and Scalability of a SAP ERP System using an Evolutionary Algorithm - Tertilt, Daniel; Bögelsack, André; Krcmar, Helmut (14th International Conference on Enterprise Information Systems, 2012)
Simulating the performance behavior of complex software systems, like Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems, is a hard task due to the high number of system components when using a white box simulation approach. This paper utilizes a black box approach for establishing a simulation model for SAP ERP systems on the basis of real world performance data, which is gathered by using a synthetic benchmark. In this paper we introduce the benchmark, called Zachmanntest, and demonstrate that by using an evolutionary algorithm basing on the results of the Zachmanntest, the exact performance behavior of the ERP system can be modeled. Our work provides insights on how the algorithm is parameterized e.g. for the mutation and crossover probability, to receive optimal results. Furthermore we show that the evolutionary algorithm models the performance and scalability of an ERP system with an error less than 3.2%. With this approach we are able to build simulation models representing the exact performance behavior of a SAP ERP system with much less effort than required when using a white box simulation approach.

Modelling State of Interaction from Head Poses for Social Human-Robot Interaction - Gaschler, Andre; Huth, Kerstin; Giuliani, Manuel; Kessler, Ingmar; de Ruiter, Jan; Knoll, Alois (Proceedings of the Gaze in Human-Robot Interaction Workshop held at the 7th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI 2012), 2012)
Keywords: james; robotics

Optimization of the Fuzzy Neural Classifiers by Means of Modelbased Cluster Analysis - Natekin, Alexey; Kalinkin, Mikhail (In Proceedings of the IX System Identification and Control Problems Conference (SICPRO), 2012)
Keywords: robotics

Performance-Modellierung und Simulation eines SAP-ERP-Systems - Gradl, Stephan (Technische Univesität München, 2012)

Real-Time 3D Multiple Human Tracking With Robustness Enchancement Through Machine Learning - Nair, Suraj; Dean-Leon, Emmanuel; Knoll, Alois (International Conference on Computer Vision Theory and Applications, 2012)
Keywords: robotics

Sicherheitskriterien bei der Auswahl von ERP-Systemen - Wollersheim, Jan; Konstantinidis, Christos; Krcmar, Helmut (ERP-Management, 2012)

Social Behavior Recognition Using Body Posture and Head Pose for Human-Robot Interaction - Gaschler, Andre; Jentzsch, Sören; Giuliani, Manuel; Huth, Kerstin; de Ruiter, Jan; Knoll, Alois (IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS), 2012)
Keywords: james; robotics

Static Scheduling of a Time-Triggered Network-on-Chip based on SMT Solving - Huang, Jia; Blech, Jan Olaf; Raabe, Andreas; Buckl, Christian; Knoll, Alois (Design, Automation and Test in Europe (DATE), 2012)

The Business Perspective on Cloud Computing - A Literature Review of Research on Cloud Computing - Hoberg, Patrick; Wollersheim, Jan; Krcmar, Helmut (2012)

The Software Car: Building ICT Architectures for Future Electric Vehicles - Buckl, Christian; Camek, Alexander; Kainz, Gerd; Simon, Carsten; Mercep, Ljubo; Stähle, Hauke; Knoll, Alois (Proceedings of the 2012 IEEE International Electric Vehicle Conference, 2012)

Towards early emergent property understanding: merging behavior space exploration and model-based software engineering - Hackenberg, Georg; Bytschkow, Denis (Proceedings of the 2012 Extreme Modeling Workshop, 2012)

Towards Fault-Tolerant Embedded Systems with Imperfect Fault Detection - Huang, Jia; Huang, Kai; Raabe, Andreas; Buckl, Christian; Knoll, Alois (49th Design Automation Conference (DAC), 2012)

Two People Walk Into a Bar: Dynamic Multi-Party Social Interaction with a Robot Agent - Foster, Mary Ellen; Gaschler, Andre; Giuliani, Manuel; Isard, Amy; Pateraki, Maria; Petrick, Ronald P. A. (Proceedings of the 14th ACM International Conference on Multimodal Interaction (ICMI 2012), 2012)
Keywords: james; robotics

User Friendly Matlab-Toolbox for Symbolic Robot Dynamic Modeling used for Control Design - Dean-Leon, Emmanuel; Nair, Suraj; Knoll, Alois (IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Biomimetics ROBIO-2012, 2012)
Keywords: robotics

Visual Odometry based on Random Finite Set Statistics in Urban Environment - Zhang, Feihu; Chen, Guang; Stähle, Hauke; Buckl, Christian; Knoll, Alois (Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV), 2012 IEEE, 2012)
Keywords: Automated Vehicles; Image; Information Fusion; Lidar Signal Processing; Radar

Middleware-Architekturen zur Integration von Systemen in Systems-of-Systems - Buckl, Christian; Geisinger, Michael (Tagungsband Embedded Software Engineering Kongress, 2011)
Keywords: chromosome; embedded; multifunk; xme

Biological Movement Increases Acceptance of Humanoid Robots as Human Partners in Motor Interaction - Kupferberg, Aleksandra; Glasauer, Stefan; Huber, Markus; Rickert, Markus; Knoll, Alois; Brandt, Thomas (AI & Society, 2011)
The automatic tendency to anthropomorphize our interaction partners and make use of experience acquired in earlier interaction scenarios leads to the suggestion that social interaction with humanoid robots is more pleasant and intuitive than that with industrial robots. An objective method applied to evaluate the quality of human–robot interaction is based on the phenomenon of motor interference (MI). It claims that a face-to-face observation of a different (incongruent) movement of another individual leads to a higher variance in one’s own movement trajectory. In social interaction, MI is a consequence of the tendency to imitate the movement of other individuals and goes along with mutual rapport, sense of togetherness, and sympathy. Although MI occurs while observing a human agent, it disappears in case of an industrial robot moving with piecewise constant velocity. Using a robot with human-like appearance, a recent study revealed that its movements led to MI, only if they were based on human prerecording (biological velocity), but not on constant (artificial) velocity profile. However, it remained unclear, which aspects of the human prerecorded movement triggered MI: biological velocity profile or variability in movement trajectory. To investigate this issue, we applied a quasi-biological minimum-jerk velocity profile (excluding variability in the movement trajectory as an influencing factor of MI) to motion of a humanoid robot, which was observed by subjects performing congruent or incongruent arm movements. The increase in variability in subjects’ movements occurred both for the observation of a human agent and for the robot performing incongruent movements, suggesting that an artificial human-like movement velocity profile is sufficient to facilitate the perception of humanoid robots as interaction partners.
Keywords: robotics

Automated Model-to-Metamodel Transformations Based on the Concepts of Deep Instantiation - Kainz, Gerd; Buckl, Christian; Knoll, Alois (Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems, 2011)

Caliper: A Universal Robot Simulation Framework for Tendon-Driven Robots - Wittmeier, Steffen; Jäntsch, Michael; Dalamagkidis, Konstantinos; Rickert, Markus; Marques, Hugo Gravato; Knoll, Alois (Proceedings of the IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems, 2011)
The development of increasingly complex robots in recent years has been characterized by an extensive use of physics-based simulations for controller design and optimization. Today, a variety of open-source and commercial simulators exist for this purpose for mobile and industrial robots. However, existing simulation engines still lack support for the emerging class of tendon-driven robots. In this paper, an innovative simulation framework for the simulation of tendon-driven robots is presented. It consists of a generic physics simulator capable of utilizing CAD robot models and a set of additional tools for simulation control, data acquisition and system investigation. The framework software architecture has been designed using component-based development principles to facilitate the framework extension and customization. Furthermore, for inter-component communication, the operating-system and programming language independent Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA) has been used which simplifies the integration of the framework into existing software environments.
Keywords: robotics; eccerobot

Model Checking Industrial Robot Systems - Weißmann, Markus; Bedenk, Stefan; Buckl, Christian; Knoll, Alois (Proceedings of the 18th International Workshop on Model Checking of Software (SPIN 2011), 2011)
Keywords: abstract interpretation; distributed systems; industrial robots; model checking; robotics

Synthesis of Diagnostic Techniques Based on an IEC 61508-aware Metamodel - Sojer, Dominik; Buckl, Christian; Knoll, Alois (Proceedings of the 6th Symposium on Industrial Embedded Systems (SIES 2011), Work-in-Progress Session, 2011)
Keywords: embedded; ftos

Multifunk: Self-Organizing Sensor Networks for Industrial Process Monitoring - Balakrishnan, Gokul; Geisinger, Michael; Buckl, Christian (Proceedings of the 17th IEEE Real-Time and Embedded Technology and Applications Symposium (RTAS'11), Work-in-Progress Session, 2011)
Keywords: embedded; Monitoring; multifunk; Self-Organization

Distance-Weighted Kalman Fusion for Precise Docking Problems - Lenz, Claus; Röder, Thorsten; Rickert, Markus; Knoll, Alois (Proceedings of the International Conference on Mobile Robots and Competitions, 2011)
This paper proposes a way to solve a highly precise docking problem for a flexible delivery in production environments. The docking problem is seen as one of the fundamental problems to enable more flexible automation using mobile robots. A non-holonomic differential-driven robot with two conveyor belts is used to deliver boxes with goods to two docking slots on an assembly belt and unload them precisely. In order to localize the robot in front of the docking slots, a safety LIDAR and two "minimal invasive" reflecting markers are used that are completely light invariant, thus reaching industrial robustness. This measurement is fused with odometry using a Kalman filter and a distance weighted way to compute the reliability of the data streams.
Keywords: robotics

A Refined Top-Down Methodology for the Development of Automotive Software Systems - The Keyless Entry-System Case Study - Feilkas, Martin; Hölzl, Florian; Pfaller, Christian; Rittmann, Sabine; Schätz, Bernhard; Schwitzer, Wolfgang; Sitou, Wassiou; Spichkova, Maria; Trachtenherz, David (Technische Universität München, 2011)
This technical report advances the methodology for the model-based development of automotive systems that was already defined in [FFH + 09], which was evaluated by developing an Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) system with Pre-Crash Safety (PCS) functionality.
Keywords: AutoFOCUS3; model-based testing; case study; model-based systems engineering; MbSE

Beschreibung der Plattformabhängigkeit eingebetteter Applikationen mit Dienstmodellen - Barner, Simon; Raabe, Andreas; Buckl, Christian; Knoll, Alois (Tagungsband des Dagstuhl-Workshop MBEES: Modellbasierte Entwicklung eingebetteter Systeme VII, 2011)

Energy-Aware Task Allocation for Network-on-Chip Based Heterogeneous Multiprocessor Systems - Huang, Jia; Buckl, Christian; Raabe, Andreas; Knoll, Alois (19th Euromicro International Conference on Parallel, Distributed and Network-Based Computing(PDP), 2011)

Model-Based Analysis and Development of Dependable Systems - Buckl, Christian; Knoll, Alois; Schieferdecker, Ina; Zander, Justyna (Model-Based Engineering of Embedded Real-Time Systems. Lecture Notes in Computer Science Vol. 6000, 2011)

FALTER in the Loop: Testing UAV Software in Virtual Environments - Mutter, Florian; Gareis, Stefanie; Schätz, Bernhard; Bayha, Andreas; Grüneis, Franziska; Kanis, Michael; Koss, Dagmar (Dagstuhl-Workshop MBEES: Modellbasierte Entwicklung eingebetteter Systeme VII, 2011)

GAVS+: An Open Platform for the Research of Algorithmic Game Solving - Cheng, Chih-Hong; Knoll, Alois; Luttenberger, Michael; Buckl, Christian (Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems - 17th International Conference, TACAS 2011, Held as Part of the Joint European Conferences on Theory and Practice of Software, ETAPS 2011,, 2011)

19th European Conference on Information Systems, ECIS 2011, Helsinki, Finland, June 9-11, 2011 - Tuunainen, Virpi Kristiina; Rossi, Matti; Nandhakumar, Joe (ECIS, 2011)

A Survey on Performance Modelling and Simulation of SAP Enterprise Resource Planning Systems - Mayer, Manuel; Gradl, Stephan; Schreiber, Veronika; Wittges, Holger; Krcmar, Helmut (10th International Conference on Modeling and Applied Simulation, 2011)
IT industry faces the need of a robust, reliable and scalable architecture to support enterprise-scale IT systems. One of such complex systems are enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems. ERP systems support company-wide processes and are considered as a critical success factor for a reliable business operation. Despite the importance of performance prediction of IT systems shown in literature, there is not much work done in the context of ERP systems. This paper presents the results of an online survey conducted in December 2010. 36 IT decision makers of various industries and company sizes took part in this survey, which contained questions about whether and to which degree performance modelling and simulation is currently implemented in companies, which tools are used to measure the performance of ERP systems, and which requirements are expected.

A Workflow for Runtime Adaptive Task Allocation on Heterogeneous MPSoCs - Huang, Jia; Raabe, Andreas; Buckl, Christian; Knoll, Alois (Design, Automation and Test in Europe (DATE), 2011)

Algorithms for Synthesizing Priorities in Component-Based Systems - Cheng, Chih-Hong; Bensalem, Saddek; Chen, Yu-Fang; Yan, Rongjie; Jobstmann, Barbara; Rueß, Harald; Buckl, Christian; Knoll, Alois (Automated Technology for Verification and Analysis, 9th International Symposium, ATVA 2011, Taipei, Taiwan, October 11-14, 2011. Proceedings, 2011)

Analysis and Optimization of Fault-Tolerant Task Scheduling on Multiprocessor Embedded Systems - Huang, Jia; Blech, Jan Olaf; Raabe, Andreas; Buckl, Christian; Knoll, Alois (International Conference on Hardware-Software Codesign and System Synthesis (CODES+ISSS). Embedded System Week, 2011)

Experience with content-based requirements engineering assessments - Teufl, Sabine; Khalil, Maged; Mou, Dongyue; Geisberger, Eva (Proceedings of the 19th International Requirements Engineering Conference, 2011)
Identifying strengths and weaknesses in requirements engineering (RE) activities and deriving corresponding improvement and rectification recommendations are the main goals of the presented content-based RE assessment approach, which relies on a well-founded RE reference model. Two representative examples from our case study pool, carried out for companies with established RE practices in different domains, demonstrate the approach, its results and benefits.
Keywords: Model-based Systems Engineering; MbSE

Generic Performance Prediction for ERP and SOA Applications - Tertilt, Daniel; Krcmar, Helmut (19th European Conference on Information Systems, 2011)
Enterprise systems are business-critical applications, and strongly influence a company's productivity. In contrast to their importance, their performance behaviour and possible bottlenecks are often unknown. This lack of information can be explained by the complexity of the systems itself, as well as by the complexity and specialization of the existing performance prediction tools. These facts make performance prediction expensive, resulting very often in a 'we fix it when we see it' mentality, with taking the risk of system unavailability and inefficient assignment of hardware resources. In order to address the challenges identified above, we developed a performance prediction process to model and simulate the performance behaviour and especially identify performance bottlenecks for SOA applications. In this paper, we present the process and architecture of our approach. To cover a variety of applications the performance is modelled using evolutionary algorithms, while the simulation uses layered queuing networks. Both techniques allow a domain-independent processing. To cope with the resource requirements for delivering prediction results fast, EPPIC automatically acquires cloud resources for performing the modelling and simulation. With its slim user interface EPPIC provides an approach for easy to use performance prediction in a broad application context.

ICEIS 2011 - Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Enterprise Information Systems, Volume 3, Beijing, China, 8-11 June, 2011 - Zhang, Runtong; Cordeiro, José; Li, Xuewei; Zhang, Zhenji; Zhang, Juliang (ICEIS (3), 2011)

Measuring the Buffer Occupation of SAP ERP System Applications - Gradl, Stephan; Mayer, Manuel; Danciu, Alexandru; Escrihuela, Ramon; Wittges, Holger; Krcmar, Helmut (13th International Conference on Enterprise Information Systems, 2011)
Enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems form the backbone for the execution, controlling and management of business processes in today's large companies. Availability and performance of ERP systems is extraordinary critical for a company as even short unavailability or reduced throughput can be very costly. As companies are evolving, the number of applications and the kinds of applications that have to be supported are rising, which inherently also increases performance needs. However, the determination of what makes up the performance needs is critical. The performance of SAP ERP systems strongly depends on the usage of buffers for caching database contents. In order to predict the performance of SAP ERP systems, it is necessary to understand and measure the buffer usage of applications running on SAP ERP systems. In this work we explain the basic concepts and introduce a method for measuring the buffer usage of SAP ERP applications. This method will be illustrated by a case study where each step of a business process, executed on a SAP ERP system, will be analyzed according to the memory usage

Mehr Software (im) Wagen - Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologie als Motor der Elektromobilität der Zukunft - Buckl, Christian; Fehling, Marcus; Klein, Cornel; Schätz, Bernhard (Konferenzband 2. Automobiltechnisches Kolloqium 2011, 2011)

Mehr Software (im) Wagen: Informations- und Kommunikationstechnik (IKT) als Motor der Elektromobilität der Zukunft, Abschlussbericht des vom Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Technologie geförderten Verbundvorhabens eCar-IKT-Systemarchitektur für Elektromobilität - Bernhard, Manuel; Buckl, Christian; Döricht, Volkmar; Fehling, Marcus; Fiege, Ludger; von Grolman, Helmut; Ivandic, Nicolas; Janelle, Christoph; Klein, Cornel; Kuhn, Karl-Josef; Patzlaff, Christian; Riedl, Bettina; et al. (ForTISS GmbH, 2011)

Mehr Software (im) Wagen: Informations- und Kommunikationstechnik (IKT) als Motor der Elektromobilität der Zukunft, Zusammenfassung der Ergebnisse des vom Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Technologie geförderten Verbundvorhabens eCar-IKT-Systemarchitektur für Elektromobilität - Bernhard, Manuel; Buckl, Christian; Döricht, Volkmar; Fehling, Marcus; Fiege, Ludger; von Grolman, Helmut; Ivandic, Nicolas; Janelle, Christoph; Klein, Cornel; Kuhn, Karl-Josef; Patzlaff, Christian; Riedl, Bettina; et al. (ForTISS GmbH, 2011)

Model Construction and Priority Synthesis for Simple Interaction Systems - Cheng, Chih-Hong; Bensalem, Saddek; Jobstmann, Barbara; Yan, Rongjie; Knoll, Alois; Rueß, Harald (NASA Formal Methods - Third International Symposium, NFM 2011, Pasadena, CA, USA, April 18-20, 2011. Proceedings, 2011)

Model-Driven In-the-Loop Validation: Simulation-Based Testing of UAV Software Using Virtual Environments - Mutter, Florian; Gareis, Stefanie; Schätz, Bernhard; Bayha, Andreas; Grüneis, Franziska; Kanis, Michael; Koss, Dagmar (Proceedings of the 18th IEEE International Conference and Workshops on Engineering of Computer-Based Systems, 2011)
With the availability of the off-the-shelf quadrocopter platforms, the implementation of autonomous unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) has substantially been simplified. Such UAVs can explore unaccessible terrain and provide information about the local situation in a specified target area. For the early development of an autonomous aerial vehicle, virtual integration of the system makes it possible to test a software implementation without endangering the hardware or the environment. Key elements of such a virtual test environment for UAV software are the modeling and simulation of the environment and the hardware platform, as well as the integration of the software in the simulation.

On the Hardness of Priority Synthesis - Cheng, Chih-Hong; Jobstmann, Barbara; Buckl, Christian; Knoll, Alois (Implementation and Application of Automata - 16th International Conference, CIAA 2011, Blois, France, July 13-16, 2011. Proceedings, 2011)

Optimizations for Game-based Software Synthesis - Cheng, Chih-Hong; Jobstmann, Barbara; Geisinger, Michael; Diot-Girard, Sarah; Buckl, Christian; Knoll, Alois; Rueß, Harald (Verimag Research Report, 2011)
Keywords: Automation; mgsyn; synthesis

Performance of SAP ERP with Memory Virtualization Using IBM Active Memory Expansion As an Example - Bögelsack, André; Homann, Marcus; Wittges, Holger; Krcmar, Helmut (Proceedings of the 5th International Workshop on Virtualization Technologies in Distributed Computing, 2011)
Keywords: active memory expansion; IBM; performance; SAP ERP system; Zachmanntest

Performance und Skalierung von SAP ERP System in virtualisierten Umgebungen - Bögelsack, André (Technische Universität München, 2011)

Reliability-Aware Design Optimization for Multiprocessor Embedded Systems - Huang, Jia; Blech, Jan Olaf; Raabe, Andreas; Buckl, Christian; Knoll, Alois (14th Euromicro International Conference on Digital System Design (DSD), 2011)

Synthesis of Fault-Tolerant Embedded Systems Using Games: From Theory to Practice - Cheng, Chih-Hong; Rueß, Harald; Knoll, Alois; Buckl, Christian (Verification, Model Checking, and Abstract Interpretation - 12th International Conference, VMCAI 2011, Austin, TX, USA, January 23-25, 2011. Proceedings, 2011)

The Software Car: Information and Communication Technology (ICT) as an Engine for the Electromobility of the Future, Summary of results of the "eCar ICT System Architecture for Electromobility" research project sponsored by the Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology - Bernhard, Manuel; Buckl, Christian; Döricht, Volkmar; Fehling, Marcus; Fiege, Ludger; von Grolman, Helmut; Ivandic, Nicolas; Janelle, Christoph; Klein, Cornel; Kuhn, Karl-Josef; Patzlaff, Christian; Riedl, Bettina; et al. (ForTISS GmbH, 2011)

Understanding the Performance Behavior of a SAP ERP System for the Use of Queuing Models - Gradl, Stephan; Mayer, Manuel; Danciu, Alexandru; Wittges, Holger; Krcmar, Helmut (10th International Conference on Modeling and Applied Simulation, 2011)
ERP systems support the management of a company's resources. As a large number of business-relevant processes are supported by ERP systems, the performance and availability of those systems is crucial for the success of a company (Apache Software Foundation 2010). We analyze the response time of 49350 requests. Furthermore, we interpret the system's internal behavior by fetching and analyzing the statistical data. As results we can show that queuing models can be used for evaluating the performance of SAP ERP systems as the response time behavior follows the assumptions of queuing theory, resulting in nearly constant resource consumption per user interaction task, independent of the number of parallel requests. By analyzing the reasons for these results, important insights into the performance behavior of SAP ERP systems for performance analysis and prediction are achieved.

User-friendly Model Checking Integration in Model-based Development - Campetelli, Alarico; Hölzl, Florian; Neubeck, Florian (Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on Computer Applications in Industry and Engineering, 2011)
We present our approach to a user-friendly model checking integration in model-based development. The used modeling tool is AutoFocus 3, developed at our research group and specialized for reactive and embedded systems. For this integration, we approach usability at four points: tight coupling of verification properties with model elements, different specification languages for the formulation of properties, visualization of counterexamples as well as evaluation of different model checkers for adequate performance. Dealing with these issues leads to one of the first model-based development environments incorporating property specification, model checking and debugging.
Keywords: verification; model checking; model-based development; tool support; embedded systems; AutoFOCUS3; formal verification; model-based systems engineering; MbSE

Visual Motion Capturing for Kinematic Model Estimation of a Humanoid Robot - Gaschler, Andre (Pattern Recognition, 33rd DAGM Symposium, 2011)
Keywords: robotics

Vom Modell zum Code fuer IEC 61508, ISO 26262 und Co. - Sojer, Dominik; Buckl, Christian; Knoll, Alois (Proceedings of the 3rd Embedded Software Engineering Congress, 2010)
Keywords: embedded; ftos

AutoFocus Tool Chain - Hölzl, Florian; Spichkova, Maria; Trachtenherz, David (Technische Universität München, 2010)
This work presents the tool support for a model-based development methodology for verified software systems. We focus in this discussion on the design, implementation and the verification phase of the overall methodology developed for safety-critical embedded systems. In particular, we show how design models are transformed into C code and Isabelle/HOL theories by code generators. We discuss the applied AutoFocus tool chain and its basic principles emphasizing the verification of the system under development as well as the check mechanisms we applied to raise the level of confidence in the correctness of the implementation of the automatic generators.
Keywords: AutoFOCUS3; methodology; tooling; model-based systems engineering; MbSE; architecture; verification

Model-to-Metamodel Transformation for the Development of Component-Based Systems - Kainz, Gerd; Buckl, Christian; Sommer, Stephan; Knoll, Alois (Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems, 2010)

Model-Based Specification of Timing Requirements - Buckl, Christian; Gaponova, Irina; Geisinger, Michael; Knoll, Alois; Lee, Edward A. (Proceedings of the 10th ACM International Conference on Embedded Software (EMSOFT 2010), 2010)
In the past, model-based development focused mainly on functional and structural aspects of thesystem to be developed. Recently, several approaches to include timing aspects have been suggested.However, these approaches focus predominantly on later development phases. Models specifyingthe requirements with respect to timing without focusing on a specific solution are missing.For example, few models allow the specification of the allowed jitter of a system.In this paper, we identify requirements that are necessary to express the desired timingbehavior of hard and soft real-time systems by analyzing different application domains.Based on these results, we evaluate existing approaches with respect to their suitabilityto model timing requirements and present an suitable approach. Finally, this paper describesthe application of the suggested approach in the context of an example from the automation domain.
Keywords: Automation; embedded; Model-based Development; multifunk; Real-Time Systems; Requirements Analysis; Survey; time; Timing Requirements

MultiNet: An Intelligent Sensor Cable - Sommer, Stephan; Buckl, Christian; Knoll, Alois; Bauer, Gerd; Schulz, Jens (Fifth IEEE International Workshop on Practical Issues in Building Sensor Network Applications (SenseApp 2010), 2010)
Keywords: embedded; multinet

Propagation, Transformation and Refinement of Safety Requirements - Sojer, Dominik; Buckl, Christian; Knoll, Alois (Proceedings of the 3rd Workshop on Non-functional System Properties in Domain Specific Modeling Languages, 2010)
Keywords: embedded; ftos

Runtime Adaptive Allocation of Dynamically Mixed Tasks on a Heterogeneous MPSoC platform - Huang, Jia; Raabe, Andreas; Buckl, Christian; Knoll, Alois (Design and Architectures for Signal and Image Processing conference (DASIP), 2010)

FTOS: Model-Driven Development of Fault-Tolerant Automation Systems - Buckl, Christian; Sojer, Dominik; Knoll, Alois (Proceedings of the 15th IEEE International Conference on Emerging Techonologies and Factory Automation, 2010)
Keywords: embedded; ftos

Hardware-aware model-driven software development - Barner, Simon; Buckl, Christian; Knoll, Alois (ACACES 2010 Poster Abstracts, 2010)
Keywords: easykit; embedded

Towards and Adaptive Execution of Applications in Heterogeneous Embedded Networks - Scholz, Andreas; Sommer, Stephan; Buckl, Christian; Kainz, Gerd; Kemper, Alfons; Knoll, Alois; Heuer, Jörg; Schmitt, Anton (Software Engineering for Sensor Network Applications (SESENA 2010), 2010)
Keywords: embedded; esoa

Formal Modeling of Safety Requirements in the Model-Driven Development of Safety Critical Embedded Systems - Sojer, Dominik; Buckl, Christian; Knoll, Alois (Proceedings of the Eighth European Dependable Computing Conference (EDCC 2010), 2010)
Safety requirements are a very important artifact in the development of safety critical embedded systems. They are usually identified during safety analyses and are used by experts as a basis for the correct selection and implementation of safety mechanisms. Various safety analysis research groups have worked on formal modeling of safety requirements with the goal of determining if a system can meet these requirements. In this abstract, we propose the application of formal models of safety requirements throughout all development phases of a model-driven development process. The safety requirements identified during safety analysis can be used to automatically generate appropriate mechanisms in the code generation phase and to verify the suitability of this mechanisms in the verification phase. By establishing safety requirements as a formal basis of all process phases, a consistent development process can be achieved.
Keywords: embedded; ftos

Service Migration Scenarios for Embedded Networks - Sommer, Stephan; Buckl, Christian; Kainz, Gerd; Scholz, Andreas; Gaponova, Irina; Knoll, Alois; Kemper, Alfons; Heuer, Jörg; Schmitt, Anton (The Fifth International Workshop on Service Oriented Architectures in Converging Networked Environments (SOCNE 2010), 2010)
Keywords: embedded; esoa

Stand und Anforderungen an eine Werkzeugunterstuetzung zur Entwicklung von Automatisierungssoftware - Sojer, Dominik; Buckl, Christian; Knoll, Alois (Technische Universität München, 2010)
Der Bericht entstand im Rahmen des, vom BMBF gef"orderten Projekts ``Software Platform Embedded Systems 2020 (SPES2020)'' im Teilprojekt Automatisierungstechnik. Wir bedanken uns bei den Industriepartnern Embedded4You und Siemens f"ur Ihre Unterst"utzung bei der Erstellung dieses Dokuments. Dieses Dokument beschreibt die spezifischen Anforderungen an Entwicklungs- und Testwerkzeuge zur Modellgetriebenen Softwareentwicklung der Partner des Anwendungsgebiets Automatisierungstechnik, welche durch die aktuell verf"ugbaren Werkzeuge noch nicht erf"ullt werden. Dabei werden projektorganisatorische Defizite behandelt, aber haupts"achlich werden konkrete Funktionen zum Umgang mit Modellen diskutiert, die zurzeit noch nicht zum Stand der Technik in industriell einsetzbaren Werkzeugen geh"oren.
Keywords: embedded; ftos

Modell-zu-Metamodell-Transformationen zur Entwicklung von komponentenbasierten Systemen - Buckl, Christian; Kainz, Gerd; Sommer, Stephan; Knoll, Alois (6. Dagstuhl-Workshop MBEES 2010: Model-Based Development of Embedded Systems, 2010)
Keywords: embedded

AutoFOCUS3 - A Scientific Tool Prototype for Model-Based Development of Component-Based, Reactive, Distributed Systems - Hölzl, Florian; Feilkas, Martin (Model-Based Engineering of Embedded Real-Time Systems, 2010)
We give an introduction of the AutoFOCUS3 tool, which allows component-based modeling of reactive, distributed systems and provides validation and verification mechanisms for these models. Furthermore, AutoFOCUS3 includes descriptions of specific technical platforms and deployments. The modeling language is based on precise semantics including the notion of time and allows for a refinement-based methodology for the development of reactive systems, typically found in user-accessible embedded realtime-systems.
Keywords: AutoFOCUS3; methodology; tooling; model-based systems engineering; MbSE

EasyKit - Eine allgemeine Methodik für die Entwicklung von Steuerungskomponenten - Barner, Simon; Geisinger, Michael; Huang, Jia; Knoll, Alois; Bönicke, Holger; Ament, Christoph; Mades, Jochen; Pittschellis, Reinhard; Bauer, Gerd (Entwurf mechatronischer Systeme, 2010)
Bei der Entwicklung mechatronischer Systeme spielen Entwurf und Implementierung der Steuerungskomponente eine entscheidende Rolle. Hierbei lassen sich die folgenden Trends feststellen: Zentralisierte, oft SPS-basierte Systeme werden vermehrt durch dezentrale Ansätze abgelöst, bei denen die prozessnahe Vorverarbeitung von Sensorsignalen und die Erzeugung von Steuersignalen für die Aktorik von effizienten, auf die jeweilige Aufgabe spezialisierten Systemen übernommen werden. Des Weiteren gibt es vermehrt Anstrengungen, die sequenzielle Entwicklung von Maschine, Steuerung und Software aufzubrechen und zu parallelisieren (Hardware/Software Co-Design). Die EasyKit-Methodik ist ein möglicher Ansatz, um diesen Anforderungen gerecht zu werden: Mit einem Elektronik-Baukastensystem steht ein Mittel zur Verfügung, mit dem sich effizient auf die vorliegende Aufgabe zugeschnittene Mikrocontroller-basierte Steuerungen entwickeln lassen, die ohne weitere Beschaltung gängige industrielle Signaltypen verarbeiten und in bestehende Bussysteme und Netzwerke integriert werden können. Die Entwicklung der Software erfolgt mit dem modellgetriebenen Werkzeug EasyLab auf hohem Abstraktionsniveau und unabhängig von der verwendeten Hardware-Architektur. Die Modellierung dient als Grundlage für einen vorlagenbasierten Code-Generator sowie eine Simulationskomponente, die den Entwickler bei Planung und Fehlersuche unterstützt. Darüber hinaus erlaubt es eine Debugging-Schnittstelle, Programme, die auf der Zielhardware ablaufen, in Echtzeit zu beobachten und zu manipulieren. Die universelle Einsetzbarkeit eines Entwicklungsprozesses spielt eine wichtige Rolle für dessen Akzeptanz. Daher zeigen wir anhand von drei Fallbeispielen auf, wie EasyKit verwendet werden kann, um sowohl die Entwicklung komplexer industrieller Systeme zu strukturieren als auch die entsprechenden Grundlagen in der Ausbildung anschaulich zu vermitteln.
Keywords: Code Generation; components; didactics; easykit; EasyLab; embedded; model driven development; systems

GAVS: Game Arena Visualization and Synthesis - Cheng, Chih-Hong; Buckl, Christian; Luttenberger, Michael; Knoll, Alois (Automated Technology for Verification and Analysis - 8th International Symposium, ATVA 2010, Singapore, September 21-24, 2010. Proceedings, 2010)

A Game-theoretic Approach for Synthesizing Fault-Tolerant Embedded Systems - Cheng, Chih-Hong; Rueß, Harald; Knoll, Alois; Buckl, Christian (CoRR, 2010)

A System for Seamless Abstraction Layers for Model-based Development of Embedded Software - Thyssen, Judith; Ratiu, Daniel; Schwitzer, Wolfgang; Harhurin, Alexander; Feilkas, Martin; Thaden, Eike (Software Engineering 2010 - Workshopband (inkl. Doktorandensymposium), 2010)
Model-based development aims at reducing the complexity of software development by the pervasive use of adequate models throughout the whole development process starting from early phases up to implementation. In this paper we present a conceptual framework to holistically classify developed models along different levels of abstraction. We do this by defining adequate abstractions for different development stages while ignoring the information that is not relevant at a particular development step or for a certain stakeholder. The abstraction is achieved in terms of the granularity level of the system under study (e. g. system, sub-system, sub-sub-system) and in terms of the information that the models contain (e. g. specification of functionality, description of architecture, deployment on specific hardware). We also present the relation between models that describe different perspectives of the system or are at different granularity levels. However, we do not address the process to be followed for building these models.

ICEIS 2010 - Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Enterprise Information Systems, Volume 3, ISAS, Funchal, Madeira, Portugal, June 8 - 12, 2010 - Filipe, Joaquim; Cordeiro, José (ICEIS (3), 2010)

Modeling ERP Business Processes Using Layered Queueing Networks - Gradl, Stephan; Mayer, Manuel; Wittges, Holger; Krcmar, Helmut (12th International Conference on Enterprise Information Systems, 2010)
This paper presents an approach how to simulate enterprise resource planning systems (ERP) using Layered Queueing Networks (LQN). A case study of an existing production planning process shows how LQN models can be exploited as a performance analysis tool. To gather data about the internal ERP system's architecture, an internal trace is analyzed and a detailed model is built to evaluate system?s performance and scalability in terms of response times with an increasing number of users and CPUs. It is shown, that the solving results match the characteristics in practice. Depending on the number of CPUs, constant response times are observed up to a certain number of concurrent users.