@conference{, author = {Bueno Momčilović, Tomas and Balta, Dian}, title = {Challenges of Assuring Compliance of Information Systems in Finance}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 16th International Software Quality Days}, publisher = {Springer}, year = {2024}, month = apr, abstract = {Assuring regulatory compliance of information systems (IS), as a bundle of software systems and business processes, is an important, but costly and continuous effort. Laws formulate demands for quality properties in ambiguous language, requiring substantial interpretation. Industry standards provide support, but remain generic and applicable to heterogeneous company IS contexts. Before compliance measures can be implemented in software assets and processes, a specific interpretation based on the context of each company is a prerequisite. Compliance experts such as auditors support this process by accounting for the perspectives of company stakeholders. Ultimately, however, the complexity of the required knowledge, legal and technical facets prevents organizations from continuously establishing situational awareness or guarantees, and answering the question: is the company currently compliant? We illustrate the complexity of assuring compliance in a qualitative case study with a European, software-driven corporation in the financial industry. Through modeling of an example of annual audits and analyzing literature, we describe the perspectives of the involved stakeholders with their roles, knowledge needs and facets. We observe six challenges: (1) large number of items and links; (2) unclear and implicit links; (3) siloing of knowledge; (4) multiple sources of truth; (5) high costs of learning from audits; and (6) uncertain results of traditional auditing. We discuss the implications of these observed challenges, and briefly explore potential avenues for resolution.}, } @inproceedings{, author = {Landeck, Yannick and Balta, Dian and Wimmer, Martin and Knierim, Christian}, title = {Software in the Manufacturing Industry: Emerging Security Challenge Areas for IIoT Platforms}, booktitle = {46th International Conference on Software Engineering: Software Engineering in Practice (ICSE-SEIP ’24)}, publisher = {ACM, New York, NY, USA}, year = {2024}, month = apr, location = {Lisbon, Portugal}, abstract = {Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) platforms connect services and computation resources to industrial devices. They increase flexibility, scalability, and provide a wider application portfolio for automated production. However, in a growing ecosystem of software suppliers, manufacturing companies are concerned whether the security of third-party software meets the requirements of the industry. In this paper, we analyse IIoT reference architecture components and corresponding stakeholders to draw implications on security. In particular, we identify four security challenge areas of IIoT platforms, show relations to existing research, and highlight directions for future work.}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3639477.3639724}, keywords = {Software Security, Manufacturing, IIoT Platforms, Assurance}, } @inproceedings{, author = {Kuhn, Peter and Maragno, Giulia and Balta, Dian and Gastaldi, Luca and Matthes, Florian}, title = {Government as a Platform in Practice: Commonalities and Differences Across Three European Countries}, booktitle = {Electronic Government, Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS, volume 14130)}, year = {2023}, month = sep, abstract = {Government as a Platform (GaaP) promises better and more efficient public services. More and more countries are applying the approach to eGovern-ment development. However, there is scant empirical evidence on how to properly implement GaaP in practice. In particular, most of the literature focusses on the adoption in individual countries. We address this gap by investigating and systematically comparing three countries with successful GaaP implementations. By means of expert interviews and analysis of public documents we are able to extract four commonalities and three differences. We discuss our results as les-sons learnt. We further contribute to theory and practice by enhancing the knowledge on GaaP approaches, providing a first basis for guidelines toward GaaP.}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-41138-0_3}, } @inproceedings{, author = {Sellami, Mahdi and Bueno Momčilović, Tomas and Kuhn, Peter and Balta, Dian}, title = {Interaction Patterns for Regulatory Compliance in Federated Learning}, booktitle = {CIISR 2023: 3rd International Workshop on Current Information Security and Compliance Issues in Information Systems Research, co-located with the 18th International Conference on Wirtschaftsinformatik (WI 2023), September 18, 2023, Paderborn, Germany}, publisher = {CEUR Workshop Proceedings}, pages = {6-18}, year = {2023}, month = sep, abstract = {Organizations in highly regulated domains often struggle to build well-performing machine learning (ML) models due to restrictions from data protection regulation. Federated learning (FL) has recently been introduced as a potential remedy, whereby organizations share local models while keeping data on premise. Still, regulatory compliance remains challenging in FL settings: training data needs to be shared to some extent, and models can be reverse engineered or misused towards violation of data privacy by each participating organization. Guided by design science methodology, we introduce four interaction patterns that allow for compliance-by-design and trust-context-sensitive analysis of an FL system by combining different approaches to privacy preservation. We match the patterns to privacy principles and exemplify how verifiable claims about compliance at design- and operation-time FL can be generated to make all participating organizations accountable.}, keywords = {Federated Learning, Privacy, Compliance, Design Patterns}, url = {https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-3512/fullpaper1.pdf}, } @inproceedings{, author = {Landeck, Yannick and Balta, Dian and Wimmer, Martin and Knierim, Christian}, title = {Software in the Manufacturing Industry: A Review of Security Challenges and Implications}, booktitle = {18th International Conference on Wirtschaftsinformatik}, year = {2023}, month = sep, address = {Paderborn, Germany}, abstract = {Software defines digital infrastructures in the manufacturing industry, connecting services and computation resources to machines and devices. These infrastructures aim at increased flexibility, scalability, and a wider application portfolio for automated manufacturing processes. At the same time, the complexity of securing software increases dramatically. Threats to confidentiality, integrity, and availability of software can result in critical losses for automated industrial production and impact manufacturing companies. In order to map existing and emerging security challenges, we present the results of a hermeneutic literature review structured along abstraction levels and vertical integration of software. Based on this structure, we derive implications for academia and practice focused on system integrators, developers, and security auditors of digital infrastructures. Thereby, we discuss courses of action mapped to software security black boxes, infrastructure heterogeneity, and the adaptation of security for operational usage.}, url = {https://aisel.aisnet.org/wi2023/40/}, } @inproceedings{, author = {Kuhn, Peter and Balta, Dian}, title = {Sustainability in Food: AI-based interactions, based on data fusion for consumer protection by the government}, booktitle = {Ongoing Research, Practitioners, Posters, Workshops, and Projects at EGOV-CeDEM-ePart 2023}, publisher = {EGOV-CeDEM-ePart-JP 2023}, year = {2023}, month = sep, abstract = {Sustainability-aware grocery shopping can be challenging for consumers since product information becomes more and more extensive. Especially the variety and trustworthiness of labels makes it difficult to find the most sustainable products, in particular with respect to the heterogenic and varying level of detail claimed by producers based on these labels. In order to decrease information overload and increase consumer protection, we develop a governmentdriven platform that fuses heterogeneous food data and provides chatbot-like AI services to communicate a sustainability score. We demonstrate the use and potential of the governmentgoverned platform with two prototypical interfaces. Furthermore, we present first insights from the cooperation with start-ups who integrate the data platform into their products.}, url = {https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-3449/paper31.pdf}, } @inproceedings{, author = {Kuhn, Peter and Zavolokina, Liudmila and Balta, Dian and Matthes, Florian}, title = {Toward Government as a Platform: An Analysis Method for Public Sector Infrastructure}, booktitle = {18th International Conference on Wirtschaftsinformatik}, year = {2023}, month = sep, address = {Paderborn, Germany}, abstract = {Government as a Platform (GaaP) is a promising approach to the dig-ital transformation of the public sector. In practice, GaaP is realized by platform-oriented infrastructures. However, despite successful examples, the transfor-mation toward platform-oriented infrastructures remains challenging. A potential remedy is the analysis of existing public infrastructure regarding its platform ori-entation. Such an analysis can identify the gaps to an ideal platform-oriented in-frastructure and, thus, support the transformation toward it. We follow the design science research methodology to develop a four-dimensional analysis method. We do so in three iterations, and, after each iteration, evaluate the method by its application to infrastructures in practice. With regard to theory, our results sug-gest extending GaaP conceptualizations with a specific emphasis on platform principles. With regard to practice, we contribute an analysis method that creates proposals for the improvement of infrastructures and, thus, supports the transfor-mation toward GaaP.}, url = {https://aisel.aisnet.org/wi2023/41/}, } @conference{, author = {K{\"{u}}mpel, Michaela and Buchinger, Matthias and Sellami, Mahdi and Balta, Dian and Beetz, Michael}, title = {Trust, But Verify: Towards Trustworthiness in Digital Assistants Based on Verifiable Claims in Knowledge Graphs}, publisher = {AIC’23: 9th workshop on Artificial Intelligence and Cognition}, year = {2023}, month = sep, abstract = {Along the process of digital transformation, retailers are increasingly using digital shopping assistants to support their customers with additional services from electronic shopping carts to click & collect services. Such assistants need large amounts of data that needs to be imported and linked from decentralised sources such as from the Web. Unfortunately, this leads to trustworthiness challenges. While enabling a digital assistant to appraise information reliability would allow consumers to decide about the trust level of the queried data, there is a lack of practical approaches with verifiable appraisal. In this work, we propose a concept and system architecture for realising an assessment of trustworthiness of knowledge graph content and underpinning it by verifiable claims. We represent entity specific data sources in a knowledge graph that connects data from multiple sources and use a trust service based on formal verification and immutable logging. We further demonstrate the architecture through a prototypical implementation of a digital shopping assistant with verifiable claims about the trustworthiness of the queried data.}, keywords = {Trustworthiness, Verifiable Claims, Semantic Web, Knowledge Graph, Digital Assistant}, } @unpublished{, author = {Bueno Momčilović, Tomas and Buchinger, Matthias and Balta, Dian}, title = {Need-driven decision-making and prototyping for DLT: Framework and web-based tool}, publisher = {arXiv}, pages = {1-13}, year = {2023}, timestamp = 2023.07.19, abstract = {In its 14 years, distributed ledger technology has attracted increasing attention, investments, enthusiasm, and user base. However, ongoing doubts about its usefulness and recent losses of trust in prominent cryptocurrencies have fueled deeply skeptical assessments. Multiple groups attempted to disentangle the technology from the associated hype and controversy by building workflows for rapid prototyping and informed decision-making, but their mostly isolated work leaves users only with fewer unclarities. To bridge the gaps between these contributions, we develop a holistic analytical framework and open-source web tool for making evidence-based decisions. Consisting of three stages - evaluation, elicitation, and design - the framework relies on input from the users' domain knowledge, maps their choices, and provides an output of needed technology bundles. We apply it to an example clinical use case to clarify the directions of our contribution charts for prototyping, hopefully driving the conversation towards ways to enhance further tools and approaches.}, howpublished = {arXiv}, doi = {10.48550/arXiv.2307.09188}, url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2307.09188}, } @inproceedings{, author = {Kuhn, Peter and Balta, Dian and Matthes, Florian}, title = {Closing the GaaP: Lessons Learned from a Web-based Analysis Tool for Practitioners}, booktitle = {Ongoing Research, Practitioners, Posters, Workshops, and Projects at EGOV-CeDEM-ePart 2022}, publisher = {CEUR Workshop Proceedings}, year = {2022}, month = sep, abstract = {Government as a Platform (GaaP) is an approach to government that enables user-friendly and efficient public services through the implementation of platform structures and principles such as modularization and co-creation. While some countries have been or are currently implementing the approach successfully, other countries experience barriers in the application of GaaP. Recent literature is attempting to address these barriers, for example by prac-tice-oriented conceptualizations of GaaP. However, those conceptualizations still need to be applied with expert knowledge. We develop a tool for practitioners that makes an exemplary GaaP concept applicable without expert knowledge. We present lessons learned from the development process and discuss implications for theory and practice.}, url = {https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-3399/paper9.pdf}, } @inproceedings{, author = {Bueno Momčilović, Tomas and Buchinger, Matthias and Delitz, Vincent and Balta, Dian}, title = {Decision Framework for Improved Distributed Ledger Technology Utilization}, booktitle = {AMCIS 2022 Proceedings}, publisher = {Americas Conference on Information Systems}, volume = {7}, year = {2022}, month = jul, abstract = {Distributed ledger technology (DLT) has been salient in research and practice for over a decade, with substantial investments in numerous areas. Still, the absence of a rapid, industry-wide success fuels skepticism and numerous decision frameworks emerged focusing on how to scaffold DLT utilization. However, a consideration of needs, added value, and integrative design of DLT-based systems remains overlooked. By analyzing existing frameworks and DLT Proof-of Concepts, we provide a research-in-progress decision framework for making evidence-based decisions on whether to use DLT and how to design a technology bundle for specific cases. Our main contribution centers on the focus on rapid collaborative prototyping. For applicability and validation, we implement the framework in an online questionnaire-like tool that generates a detailed report as a basis for an informed decision. While beneficial for academia and practice, our framework draws clear directions for future research on complementary tools, enhanced recommendations and the design of feasible DLT solutions for real world challenges.}, url = {https://aisel.aisnet.org/amcis2022/sig_sand/sig_sand/7/}, } @inproceedings{, author = {Kuhn, Peter and Dallner, Simon and Buchinger, Matthias and Balta, Dian}, title = {Towards “Government as a Platform”: An analysis framework for public sector infrastructure}, booktitle = {Wirtschaftsinformatik 2022 Proceedings}, year = {2022}, month = feb, abstract = {“Government as a Platform” (GaaP) is a promising approach to the digital transformation of the public sector. The approach sees Government as an open platform on which people inside and outside the government can innovate and co-create better public services. On a technical level, this is enabled by public sector infrastructure that also follows the approach. However, it remains unclear how exactly GaaP can be applied to public sector infrastructure in practice. In order to tackle this challenge, we develop a framework for the analysis of public infrastructure regarding its platform character. We apply the framework to a current public infrastructure project in Germany to demonstrate its applicability and infer possible future improvements. We contribute to literature by integrating GaaP literature with ideas and concepts from general IS platform literature and contribute to practice by providing a tool that supports the application of GaaP.}, url = {https://aisel.aisnet.org/wi2022/e_government/e_government/4}, } @misc{https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2202.12443, author = {Baracaldo, Nathalie and Anwar, Ali and Purcell, Mark and Rawat, Ambrish and Sinn, Mathieu and Altakrouri, Bashar and Balta, Dian and Sellami, Mahdi and Kuhn, Peter and Buchinger, Matthias}, title = {Towards an Accountable and Reproducible Federated Learning: A FactSheets Approach}, publisher = {arXiv}, year = {2022}, month = feb, owner = {arXiv.org perpetual, non-exclusive license}, abstract = {Federated Learning (FL) is a novel paradigm for the shared training of models based on decentralized and private data. With respect to ethical guidelines, FL is promising regarding privacy, but needs to excel vis-{\`{a}}-vis transparency and trustworthiness. In particular, FL has to address the accountability of the parties involved and their adherence to rules, law and principles. We introduce AF^2 Framework, where we instrument FL with accountability by fusing verifiable claims with tamper-evident facts, into reproducible arguments. We build on AI FactSheets for instilling transparency and trustworthiness into the AI lifecycle and expand it to incorporate dynamic and nested facts, as well as complex model compositions in FL. Based on our approach, an auditor can validate, reproduce and certify a FL process. This can be directly applied in practice to address the challenges of AI engineering and ethics.}, doi = {10.48550/ARXIV.2202.12443}, keywords = {Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI), Machine Learning (cs.LG), FOS: Computer and information sciences, FOS: Computer and information sciences}, url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2202.12443}, } @inproceedings{, author = {Kuhn, Peter and Buchinger, Matthias and Balta, Dian and Matthes, Florian}, title = {Barriers of applying Government as a Platform in Practice: Evidence from Germany}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 55th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS 2022)}, series = {HICSS}, volume = {HICSS-55}, year = {2022}, month = jan, abstract = {Government as a Platform (GaaP) is a promising approach to the digital transformation of the public sector. GaaP aims at the development of efficient and user-friendly services by exploiting platform principles such as openness, modularization and co-creation. Hence, GaaP claims to deliver a new level of stakeholder participation in the production of public services. However, the success of GaaP is arguably bound to the context of a country. To address the potential impact of a country’s context, the goal of this paper is to identify barriers and measures to overcome them in the application of GaaP in the federal context of Germany. We conduct a literature review and investigate a use case of a German digital government agency by means of documents, expert interviews and workshops. The agency applies GaaP to its architecture management of the federal IT infrastructure. We find five barriers and three measures to overcome. We conclude by discussing implications for theory and practice.}, isbn = {978-0-9981331-5-7}, url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10125/79661}, } @inproceedings{, author = {Buchinger, Matthias and Kuhn, Peter and Balta, Dian}, title = {Dimensions of Accountability in Inter-organizational Business Processes}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 55th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS 2022)}, series = {HICSS}, volume = {HICSS-55}, year = {2022}, month = jan, abstract = {Inter-organizational business processes are the basis of a globalized, highly dynamic, and digitalized world, en-abling faster and cost-effective transactions. At the same time, they raise business vulnerabilities. A partic-ular vulnerability is linked to the substantiation of trust between actors in dynamic business relationships, as trust affects interdependencies and complexity. An ap-proach to address this vulnerability is the introduction of accountability mechanisms. Extant research suggests that accountability enables revealing causality and a transparent allocation of responsibilities for each pro-cess step. Thereby, corresponding actors can judge upon misbehavior and verify trust claims. Unfortu-nately, a thorough understanding of accountability and its dimensions accountability in the context of IBP is still missing. To address this gap, we develop a framework with dimensions of accountability. We demonstrate the resulting framework in an industrial supply chain case and derive implications for theory and practice.}, isbn = {978-0-9981331-5-7}, url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10125/79382}, } @inproceedings{, author = {Balta, Dian and Sellami, Mahdi and Kuhn, Peter and Sch{\"{o}}pp, Ulrich and Buchinger, Matthias and Baracaldo, Nathalie and Anwar, Ali and Ludwig, Heiko and Sinn, Mathieu and Purcell, Mark and Altakrouri, Bashar}, title = {Accountable Federated Machine Learning in Government: Engineering and Management Insights}, booktitle = {Electronic Participation - 13th IFIP WG 8.5 International Conference, ePart 2021}, publisher = {Springer}, series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science}, pages = {125-138}, year = {2021}, month = sep, abstract = {Machine learning offers promising capabilities to improve administrative procedures. At the same time, adequate training of models using traditional learning techniques requires the collection and storage of enough training data in a central place. Unfortunately, due to legislative and jurisdictional constraints, data in a central place is scarce and training a model becomes unfeasible. Against this backdrop, federated machine learning, a technique to collaboratively train models without transferring data to a centralized location, has been recently proposed. With each government entity keeping their data private, new applications that previously were impossible now can be a reality. In this paper, we demonstrate that accountability for the federated machine learning process becomes paramount to fully overcoming legislative and jurisdictional constraints. In particular, it ensures that all government entities' data are adequately included in the model and that evidence on fairness and reproducibility is curated towards trustworthiness. We also present an analysis framework suitable for governmental scenarios and illustrate its exemplary application for online citizen participation scenarios. We discuss our findings in terms of engineering and management implications: feasibility evaluation, general architecture, involved actors as well as verifiable claims for trustworthy machine learning.}, isbn = {978-3-030-82824-0}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-82824-0_10}, url = {https://www.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-82824-0_10}, } @conference{, author = {Kuhn, Peter and Buchinger, Matthias and Balta, Dian}, title = {How to Redesign Government Processes for Proactive Public Services?}, booktitle = {Electronic Government}, series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science}, pages = {29-40}, year = {2021}, month = sep, location = {Granada, Spain}, abstract = {Proactive government is a promising approach to user-friendly public services. By acting proactively instead of reacting, governments reduce the interaction effort of a public service for the user and, in doing so, increase its user-friendliness. However, implementing such proactive services in practice is challenging and requires the redesign of the according processes. For example, the data that currently is provided by the user, now has to be collected by someone else. The goal of this paper is to identify reoccurring challenges in the redesign of processes for proactive public services and to develop strategies to overcome them. We analyse business processes from nine public services and conduct ten expert interviews with practitioners. We synthesis the reoccurring challenges into three implementation dimensions and present three implementation strategies. The implementation dimensions inform the feasibility of proactive services in practice and the strategies can be used by practitioners to streamline their efforts to provide user-friendly public services.}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-84789-0_3}, url = {https://www.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-84789-0_3}, } @incollection{, author = {Buchinger, Matthias and Kuhn, Peter and Balta, Dian}, title = {Towards Interoperability of Data Platforms for Smart Cities}, booktitle = {Handbook of Smart Cities}, publisher = {Juan Carlos Augusto, Springer, 2021}, year = {2021}, month = jan, url = {https://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007/978-3-030-15145-4_70-1}, } @inproceedings{, author = {Buchinger, Matthias and Kuhn, Peter and Kalogeropoulos, Anastasios and Balta, Dian}, title = {Towards Interoperability of Smart City Data Platforms}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 54th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS 2021), 2021}, year = {2021}, month = jan, url = {https://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/handle/10125/70914}, } @conference{, author = {Kuhn, Peter and Balta, Dian}, title = {Service Quality Through Government Proactivity: The Concept of Non-interaction}, booktitle = {Electronic Government}, publisher = {Gabriela Viale Pereira, Marijn Janssen, Habin Lee, Ida Lindgren, Manuel Pedro Rodr{\'{i}}guez Bol{\'{i}}var, Hans Jochen Scholl, Anneke Zuiderwijk}, series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science}, pages = {82-95}, year = {2020}, month = sep, abstract = {In the course of digitalization, governments increasingly aim at improving service quality for their users. To support this aim, government proactivity is considered a suitable approach: reduction of interactions or even non-interaction between users and government. While government proactivity can be crucial for improving the service quality perceived by its users, there is a lacking of understanding how exactly non-interaction interplays with service quality. Understanding this interplay is important, given that for some services non-interaction might also decrease service quality: for instance, non-interactive student loans spare the user the application but at the same time cause automatic debt. We introduce the purpose of an interaction as a lens to help understand this interplay. The lens utilizes the fact that the purpose of an interaction has to be fulfilled also in a proactive, non-interactive version of the service. We operationalize the lens by proposing two groups of interaction purposes and integrating them with service quality dimensions in an analysis framework. The framework can be used to analyze individual services towards their service quality in a proactive, non-interactive version of the service. Our work contributes to theory by developing a set of interaction purposes to study service interactions and the qualitative interplay of non-interaction and service quality on a service level. Based on an exemplary application of the service free school transport, we demonstrate how government service designers can adapt the framework into a tool for the evaluation and design of individual services.}, isbn = {978-3-030-57599-1}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-57599-1_7}, url = {https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-57599-1_22}, } @inproceedings{, author = {Buchinger, Matthias and Balta, Dian and Krcmar, Helmut}, title = {Distributed Ledger Technology in the Banking Sector: A Method for the Evaluation of Use Cases}, booktitle = {Wirtschaftsinformatik 2020 Proceedings (WI2020)}, year = {2020}, month = mar, } @inproceedings{, author = {Kuhn, Peter and Balta, Dian and Krcmar, Helmut}, title = {Was sind Herausforderungen proaktiver Verwaltungsleistungen in Deutschland?}, booktitle = {Wirtschaftsinformatik 2020 Proceedings}, publisher = {FORTHCOMING}, year = {2020}, month = mar, } @misc{, author = {Schaffer, Norman and Kuhn, Peter and Balta, Dian and Krcmar, Helmut}, title = {Digitale L{\"{o}}sungen f{\"{u}}r KMU: Was k{\"{o}}nnen und sollen kleine und mittlere Unternehmen (KMU) digital anbieten? Das Forschungsprojekt BayernCloud hat dazu den l{\"{a}}ndlichen Tourismus unter die Lupe genommen.}, publisher = {Bundesanstalt f{\"{u}}r Landwirtschaft und Ern{\"{a}}hrung}, journal = {LandInForm - Magazin f{\"{u}}r l{\"{a}}ndliche R{\"{a}}ume}, pages = {16-17}, year = {2020}, url = {https://www.netzwerk-laendlicher-raum.de/fileadmin/SITE_MASTER/content/PDFs/LiF/LandInForm_20_4.pdf}, } @article{, author = {Scholta, Hendrik and Balta, Dian and R{\"{a}}ckers, Michael and Becker, J{\"{o}}rg and Krcmar, Helmut}, title = {Standardization of Forms in Governments: A Meta-Model for a Reference Form Modeling Language}, journal = {Business & Information Systems Engineering, forthcoming}, year = {2020}, } @inproceedings{, author = {Balta, Dian and Kuhn, Peter and Sellami, Mahdi and Kalogeropoulos, Anastasios and Krcmar, Helmut}, title = {Blackbox AI: What is in the Box?}, booktitle = {Proceedings of ongoing research, practitioners, posters, workshops, and projects of the international conference egov-cedem-epart}, publisher = {Shefali Virkar, Olivier Glassey, Marijn Janssen, Peter Parycek, Andrea Polini, Barbara Re, Peter Reichst{\"{a}}dter, Hans Jochen Scholl, Efthimios Tambouris}, volume = {2019}, pages = {245–247}, year = {2019}, month = sep, location = {San Benedetto Del Tronto, Italy}, abstract = {We present insights from a chatbot prototype for online citizen participation and discuss particular benefits and caveats of artificial intelligence (AI) application in the government domain. We present an argument that AI represents a blackbox not only in terms the reasoning process itself, but also in terms of applying different building blocks “out-of-the-box”. Our research shows that customizing an AI application involves a hardly manageable combination of buildings blocks: various machine learning techniques, data sources and user interaction designs. Since those building blocks might not fit the requirements of a particular use case, the required effort to configure the expected behaviour should not be underestimated.}, url = {https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/8626904/file/8626906.pdf}, } @inproceedings{, author = {Balta, Dian and Kuhn, Peter and Sellami, Mahdi and Kulus, Daniel and Lieven, Claudius and Krcmar, Helmut}, title = {How to Streamline AI Application in Government? A Case Study on Citizen Participation in Germany}, booktitle = {Electronic Government}, publisher = {Lindgren, Ida and Janssen, Marijn and Lee, Habin and Polini, Andrea and Rodr{\'{i}}guez Bol{\'{i}}var, Manuel Pedro and Scholl, Hans Jochen and Tambouris, Efthimios}, pages = {233--247}, year = {2019}, month = sep, owner = {Springer International Publishing}, address = {Cham}, abstract = {Artificial intelligence (AI) technologies are on the rise in almost every aspect of society, business and government. Especially in government, it is of interest how the application of AI can be streamlined: at least, in a controlled environment, in order to be able to evaluate potential (positive and negative) impact. Unfortunately, reuse in development of AI applications and their evaluation results lack interoperability and transferability. One potential remedy to this challenge would be to apply standardized artefacts: not only on a technical level, but also on an organization or semantic level. This paper presents findings from a qualitative explorative case study on online citizen participation in Germany that reveal insights on the current standardization level of AI applications. In order to provide an in-depth analysis, the research involves evaluation of two particular AI approaches to natural language processing. Our findings suggest that standardization artefacts for streamlining AI application exist predominantly on a technical level and are still limited.}, isbn = {978-3-030-27325-5}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-27325-5_18}, keywords = {Natural language processing, Standardization, Government}, url = {https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F978-3-030-27325-5_18}, } @inproceedings{, author = {Balta, Dian and Kalogeropoulos, Anastasios and Kuhn, Peter and Krcmar, Helmut}, title = {In Search for Consensus}, booktitle = {Proceedings of ongoing research, practitioners, posters, workshops, and projects of the international conference egov-cedem-epart}, publisher = {Shefali Virkar, Olivier Glassey, Marijn Janssen, Peter Parycek, Andrea Polini, Barbara Re, Peter Reichst{\"{a}}dter, Hans Jochen Scholl, Efthimios Tambouris}, volume = {2019}, number = {5}, pages = {253–255}, year = {2019}, month = sep, location = {San Benedetto Del Tronto, Italy}, abstract = {We present our research-in-progress on designing Blockchain/ Distributed Ledger Technologies-based IT-architectures in government. Our approach consists of three steps: need analysis, feasibility study, and architecture design based on exchangeable building blocks. We argue that DLT should be defined as a trust layer atop of existing IT-infrastructure instead of replacing existing information systems. To support our claim, we provide an exemplary application.}, url = {https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/8626904/file/8626906.pdf}, } @inproceedings{, author = {Balta, Dian and Sellami, Mahdi and Kuhn, Peter and Krcmar, Helmut}, title = {Insights from Natural Language Processing}, booktitle = {Proceedings of ongoing research, practitioners, posters, workshops, and projects of the international conference egov-cedem-epart}, publisher = {Shefali Virkar, Olivier Glassey, Marijn Janssen, Peter Parycek, Andrea Polini, Barbara Re, Peter Reichst{\"{a}}dter, Hans Jochen Scholl, Efthimios Tambouris}, volume = {2019}, pages = {241–243}, year = {2019}, month = sep, location = {San Benedetto Del Tronto, Italy}, abstract = {We present an exemplary text categorization pipeline for online citizen participation and aim at discussing our ongoing research in terms of insights from natural language processing (NLP) application. For each of the steps in the categorization pipeline, we share our experience in terms of challenges and potential measures to address these challenges.}, url = {https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/8626904/file/8626906.pdf}, } @misc{, author = {Balta, Dian and Krcmar, Helmut and Kuhn, Peter}, title = {Bedarfsanalyse, Machbarkeitsevaluation und IT-Architekturentwurf von Distributed Ledger Technology in der {\"{o}}ffentlichen Verwaltung}, journal = {Fachtagungen Verwaltungsinformatik und Rechtsinformatik}, year = {2019}, month = mar, location = {M{\"{u}}nster}, howpublished = {Vortrag}, url = {http://www.ftvi.de/ftvi-ftri-2019/tagungsprogramm}, } @misc{1, author = {Balta, Dian and Krcmar, Helmut and Kuhn, Peter}, editor = {Kalogeropoulos, Anastasios}, title = {K{\"{u}}nstliche Intelligenz Out-of-the-Box – aber was steckt in der Box?}, booktitle = {Fachtagungen Verwaltungsinformatik und Rechtsinformatik}, year = {2019}, month = mar, location = {M{\"{u}}nster}, howpublished = {Vortrag}, url = {http://www.ftvi.de/ftvi-ftri-2019/tagungsprogramm}, } @article{, author = {Balta, Dian and Krcmar, Helmut and Kuhn, Peter and Kulus, Daniel and Sellami, Mahdi}, title = {Digitalgest{\"{u}}tzte B{\"{u}}rgerbeteiligung & KI}, journal = {PLANERIN}, volume = {2019}, number = {1}, pages = {19--22}, year = {2019}, month = feb, timestamp = 2019.10.24, abstract = {Digitalisierung und k{\"{u}}nstliche Intelligenz (KI) gelten als pr{\"{a}}gende Themen und wecken eine hohe Aufmerksamkeit in Gesellschaft, Wirtschaft, Politik und Verwaltung. Im Bereich B{\"{u}}rgerbeteiligung bergen Digitalisierung und in letzter Zeit auch KI eine Reihe von Chancen und Herausforderungen. F{\"{u}}r die Beteiligungspraxis stellen sich daher u. a. folgende Fragen: Welche Aufgaben kann KI in Beteiligungsverfahren {\"{u}}bernehmen? Wie gut sind solche Systeme heute schon und welche Qualit{\"{a}}ten haben die erzielten Ergebnisse? Welche Fortschritte sind zu erwarten? Der Artikel gibt erste Antworten basierend auf Untersuchungen und dem Einsatz von Prototypen im Rahmen von B{\"{u}}rgerbeteiligungsverfahren in Hamburg und schlie{\ss}t mit einem Ausblick in die Zukunft.}, issn = {0936-9465}, url = {https://www.srl.de/publikationen/planerin/%C3%A4ltere-ausgaben/product/view/2/150.html}, } @inbook{, author = {Balta, Dian}, title = {Effective Management of Standardizing in E-Government}, booktitle = {Corporate Standardization Management and Innovation}, publisher = {IGI Global}, pages = {149-175}, year = {2019}, address = {Hershey, PA, USA}, isbn = {978-1-5225-9008-8}, doi = {10.4018/978-1-5225-9008-8.ch008}, url = {http://services.igi-global.com/resolvedoi/resolve.aspx?doi=10.4018/978-1-5225-9008-8.ch008}, } @article{, author = {Balta, Dian and Hofmann, Sara and Kuhn, Peter and Krcmar, Helmut}, title = {Sharing {Economy}: {Potential} im {\"{o}}ffentlichen {Sektor}}, journal = {BERICHTE DES NEGZ}, number = {5}, year = {2019}, issn = {2626-6032}, doi = {10.30418/2626-6032.2019.05}, url = {http://doi.org/10.30418/2626-6032.2019.05}, } @inproceedings{, author = {Balta, Dian and Krcmar, Helmut}, title = {Managing Standardization in eGovernment: A Coordination Theory based Analysis Framework}, booktitle = {Electronic Government}, publisher = {Peter Parycek, Olivier Glassey, Marijn Janssen, Hans Jochen Scholl, Efthimios Tambouris, Evangelos Kalampokis, Shefali Virkar}, series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science}, pages = {60-72}, year = {2018}, month = aug, abstract = {Standardization plays an important role for a smooth organizational, semantic, technical and legal interoperation of eGovernment services. Still, standardization struggles with the complexity of administrative procedures that have to be supported and provided online. Managing this complexity poses a crucial challenge for an efficient and effective eGovernment. Different management frameworks have been developed, but the progress of standardization in practice is still perceived as insufficient. To address the challenge of standardization management in eGovernment, we propose a coordination theory based framework for analysis. It consists of three coordination modes distinguished based on their mechanisms and relevant context dimensions. In our research approach, we interpret a single case study of a standardization project in Germany where artefacts were developed from a pragmatism perspective. We discuss our findings and conclude on implications for research and practice.}, isbn = {978-3-319-98690-6}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-98690-6_6}, url = {https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-98690-6_6}, } @inproceedings{, author = {Balta, Dian and Greger, Vanessa and Wolf, Petra and Krcmar, Helmut}, title = {E-Government Stakeholder Analysis and Management Based on Stakeholder Interactions and Resource Dependencies}, booktitle = {48th Hawaii International Conference on Systems Science (HICSS 2015)}, year = {2015}, location = {Maui, Hawaii}, } @book{, author = {Scholta, Hendrik and Balta, Dian and Wolf, Petra and Becker, J{\"{o}}rg and Krcmar, Helmut}, title = {Standardization of Service Descriptions, Process Models and Forms in Public Administrations: Results from a Survey in Germany}, booktitle = {Electronic Government and Electronic Participation}, publisher = {IOS Press}, volume = {Joint Proceedings of Ongoing Research, Posters, Workshop and Projects of IFIP EGOV 2015 and ePart 2015}, year = {2015}, } @book{, author = {Balta, Dian and Greger, Vanessa and Wolf, Petra and Krcmar, Helmut}, title = {Why Realization Mismatches Expectations of E-Government Project Benefits? Towards Benefit Realization Planning}, booktitle = {Electronic Government: 14th IFIP WG 8.5 International Conference, EGOV 2015}, publisher = {Springer}, series = {LNCS 9248}, year = {2015}, } @inproceedings{, author = {Greger, Vanessa and Balta, Dian and Wolf, Petra and Krcmar, Helmut}, title = {Analyzing Stakeholders in Complex E-Government Projects: Towards a Stakeholder Interaction Model}, booktitle = {Electronic Government - 13th IFIP W.G. 8.5 International Conference EGOV 2014}, publisher = {Springer}, series = {LNCS: 8653}, pages = {194-205}, year = {2014}, location = {Dublin}, }