@inbook{, author = {C. Sofia, Rute}, title = {Latest Advances on Deterministic on Deterministic Wired/Wireless Industrial Networks}, booktitle = {6G Connectivity-Systems, Technologies, and applications}, publisher = {Book "6G Connectivity-Systems, Technologies, and applications", River Publishers, USA, TO APPEAR}, year = {2023}, month = oct, abstract = {This chapter investigates the most recent advances in deterministic OFDMA- based Wi-Fi for industrial applications. It concentrates on techniques that provide deterministic support in industrial networks where Wi-Fi 6 is used as an additional technology to a deterministic wired core. It examines scenarios and traffic patterns that are expected to be supported and proposes enhance- ments to further support deterministic guarantees in a way that is compatible with the existing deterministic support in the wired core. Furthermore, the chapter introduces the network simulator v3 DetNetWiFi framework, which was developed based on a realistic deterministic wired/wireless demonstra- tor, and which can be used to validate and experiment on a wired/wireless infrastructure that incorporates novel mechanisms for time synchronization, time-aware scheduling, and multi-AP co-OFDMA resource coordination.}, howpublished = {Book chapter}, keywords = {IIoT, wireless, TSN, Wi-Fi6}, url = {https://www.researchgate.net/publication/373767973_Latest_Advances_on_Deterministic_on_Deterministic_WiredWireless_Industrial_Networks}, } @book{, author = {C. Sofia, Rute and Prasad, Ramjee}, editor = {C. Sofia, Rute and Prasad, Ramjee}, title = {6G visions for a sustainable and people-centric future - from communications to services, the CONASENSE perspective}, booktitle = {6G Visions for a Sustainable and People-centric Future - from communications to services}, publisher = {River Publishers, USA}, year = {2023}, month = sep, abstract = {6G is currently under definition, often being addressed from a plain telecommunications perspective as an evolutionary paradigm that represents an extension of 5G. Having as its horizon 2030, 6G initiatives are being deployed across the globe, to further ignite the development of 6G services. In its philosophy core, 6G embodies the "human in the loop" principle. The research effort aimed at 6G requires an interdisciplinary approach that ignites discussion across different key technological sectors, ranging from communications to services and business cases. The contribution of this book to research in the field concerns an evolutionary and interdisciplinary design of 6G as a paradigm that can be addressed by working together the four different computational areas of CONASENSE: communications; satellites and navigation; sensing; services. This book starts with a perspective on 6G challenges towards sustainability and addressing new business models, moving on to key topics concerning communications. It ends with chapters focusing on 6G service design. This book is, therefore, envisioned to assist in developing critical thinking to back up novel networking, applications, and services towards 6G.}, howpublished = {River Publishers, USA, August 2023}, type = {Book}, isbn = {9788770227513 e-ISBN: 9788770227506}, keywords = {6G, IIoT, Edge, Networking, Wireless, Sensing}, url = {https://www.riverpublishers.com/book_details.php?book_id=994}, } @book{, author = {C. Sofia, Rute and Soldatos, John}, editor = {C. Sofia, Rute and Soldatos, John}, title = {Shaping the Future of IoT with Edge Intelligence - How Edge Computing Enables the Next Generation of IoT Applications}, booktitle = {Shaping the Future of IoT with Edge Intelligence - How Edge Computing Enables the Next Generation of IoT Applications}, publisher = {Book, River Publishers, USA}, pages = {460}, year = {2023}, month = sep, abstract = {This book presents the technologies that empower edge intelligence, along with their use in novel IoT solutions. Specifically, it presents how 5G/6G, Edge AI, and Blockchain solutions enable novel IoT-based decentralized intelligence use cases at the edge of the cloud/edge/IoT continuum. Emphasis is placed on presenting how these technologies support a wide array of functional and non-functional requirements spanning latency, performance, cybersecurity, data protection, real-time performance, energy efficiency, and more. The various chapters of the book are contributed by several EU-funded projects, which have recently developed novel IoT platforms that enable the development and deployment of edge intelligence applications based on the cloud/edge paradigm. Each one of the projects employs its own approach and uses a different mix of networking, middleware, and IoT technologies. Therefore, each of the chapters of the book contributes a unique perspective on the capabilities of enabling technologies and their integration in practical real-life applications in different sectors. The book is structured in five distinct parts. Each one of the first four parts focuses on a specific set of enabling technologies for edge intelligence and smart IoT applications in the cloud/edge/IoT continuum. Furthermore, the fifth part provides information about complementary aspects of next-generation IoT technology, including information about business models and IoT skills. Specifically: The first part focuses on 5G/6G networking technologies and their roles in implementing edge intelligence applications. The second part presents IoT applications that employ machine learning and other forms of Artificial Intelligence at the edge of the network. The third part illustrates decentralized IoT applications based on distributed ledger technologies. The fourth part is devoted to the presentation of novel IoT applications and use cases spanning the cloud/edge/IoT continuum. The fifth part discusses complementary aspects of IoT technologies, including business models and digital skills.}, howpublished = {River Publishers, USA, September 2023}, isbn = {9788770040273}, keywords = {Edge computing, IIoT, IoT, tactile Internet, Edge-Cloud, wireless, MaaS}, url = {https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zV7R4zKU7eM}, } @inproceedings{, author = {H. Mohan, Sugandh and C. Sofia, Rute}, title = {Fine Time Measurement based Time Synchronization for Multi-AP Wireless Industrial Environments}, booktitle = {inProc. IEEE WiMob2023}, publisher = {IEEE}, journal = {IEEE WiMob 2023}, year = {2023}, month = jun, abstract = {Industrial networks rely on Ethernet and its complementary Time Sensitive Networking standards to support critical application requirements such as bounded latency and low jitter. To meet these requirements, precise time synchronization across wired devices is typically achieved across the wired devices via the Precision Time Protocol (PTP). PTP as a UDP-based protocol can synchronize wireless devices as well, provided that these guarantee hardware-based timestamping. On the other hand, Wi-Fi integrates time synchronization mechanisms better suited to its shared medium, such as the the Fine Time Measurement (FTM) protocol. Aiming at contributing to the time synchronization solution across multi-AP industrial environments, this paper proposes a hiearchical FTM-based synchronization approach capable of supporting time synchronization in a way compatible with Ethernet/TSN. The evaluation of the proposed solution carried out with the ns-3 DetNetWiFi framework, shows that it successfully synchronizes all devices within the networ with an accuracy of less than 5 μs and providing fairness in terms of balancing FTM requests in dense networks effectively.}, howpublished = {2023 19th International Conference on Wireless and Mobile Computing, Networking and Communications (WiMob)}, doi = {10.1109/WiMob58348.2023.10187788}, keywords = {wireless, IIoT, FTM, Wi-Fi6}, url = {https://www.researchgate.net/publication/372885358_Fine_Time_Measurement_based_Time_Synchronization_for_Multi-AP_Wireless_Industrial_Environments}, } @mastersthesis{, author = {H. Mohan, Sugandh and C. Sofia, Rute and Wiedner, Florian and Andre, Jonas and Carle, Georg}, title = {Fine Time Measurement based Time Synchronization for Multi-AP OFDMA Wireless Industrial Environments}, booktitle = {Master thesis: Fine Time Measurement based Time Synchronization for Multi-AP OFDMA Wireless Industrial Environments}, publisher = {TUM}, year = {2023}, month = may, organization = {TUM}, school = {Master thesis, CIT, TUM}, abstract = {Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) systems require synchronized communication among devices for sensing, computing, and actuation for some specific types of traffic. These systems typically use a wired, deterministic infrastructure that offers tight synchroniza- tion, bounded latency, and low to zero packet loss. To achieve these demands, precise time synchronization across all wired networked devices is guaranteed through the use of the Precision Time Protocol (PTP) at the Local Area Network (LAN) level. Industrial networks are undergoing change with the integration of new wireless standards such as Wi-Fi 6/7. Although PTP can support time synchronization across wireless networks, it is based on a point-to-point UDP protocol. Wi-Fi, on the other hand, has specific time synchronization mechanisms that are more effective in achieving precise and tight synchronization across wireless networks. One such mechanism is the Fine Time Mea- surement (FTM) protocol. Also, with the increase in the number of wireless devices that are incorporated into these networks, it is crucial to account for new features such as multi-AP coordination which demand accurate time synchronization. Aiming at con- tributing to the time synchronization solution across multi-AP IIoT environments, this master thesis proposes a approach based on multi-level hierarchical methodology to time synchronize the devices. It also proposes a method to select a best FTM Responder to distribute time when multiple FTM responders and initiators are functioning in the network. The assessment of the multi-level hierarchical approach’s performance indi- cates that the newly implemented mechanism allows for achieving the desired level of synchronization accuracy by successfully synchronizing all devices within the network and the evaluation of the best FTM responder selection also reveals that the algorithm performs as expected.}, howpublished = {Master dissertation - Technical University of Munich}, keywords = {IIoT, Wi-Fi 6, TSN, wireless}, url = {https://www.researchgate.net/publication/370765801_Fine_Time_Measurement_based_Time_Synchronization_for_Multi-AP_OFDMA_Wireless_Industrial_Environments}, } @book{, author = {Nevermann, Peter and Buckhardt, Frank and Wilkomm, Daniel and Solera, Miriam and B{\"{o}}ckenhoff, Christoph and Zahlecker, Michael and Flieger, Matthias and Blonskey, Ofer and Daniely, Gabi and C. Sofia, Rute and Bernhard, Josef and Ju{\'{a}}rez Peña, Jorge Luis and Fresia, Maria and Kahlig, Alexander and M{\'{a}}rkus, Bela and Zizzi, Gianni and Braun, Volker and Weber, Wolfgang and Bohge, Matthias and Lyczkowski, Eike and Sinn, Ulrich and Pervane, Neval and L{\"{o}}ser, Kilian and Weiler, Christoph and Schmidt, Marc and B{\"{o}}wering, Gabriel and Elsner, Sascha and Flepp, Simon and Block, Dimitri and Numminen, Jussi and Pirskanen, Juho and Salokannel, Juha and Salone, Liisa and Weisshaupt, Thomas and Schaefer, Roland and Lukosz, Harald and Joos, Sascha and Birkhold, Markus and Abbas, Murtaza and Balzer, Wolfgang and Cammin, Christoph and Robert Doebbert, Thomas and Noll, Heiko and Langwieser, Andreas and Heuft, Tobias and Krichel, Susanne and Heinzer, Volker and Teepker, Josef and Pfaff, Andreas and Pohlmann, Thomas and Bauer, Christian and Manz, Stefan and Noller, Matthias and Gregorz, Annika}, title = {Handbook – A Selection of Wireless Communications Technologies for Mechanical and Plant Engineering}, booktitle = {Handbook – A Selection of Wireless Communications Technologies for Mechanical and Plant Engineering}, publisher = {VDMA Services GmbH}, year = {2023}, month = apr, organization = {VDMA Services GmbH}, abstract = {The publication includes a selection of current and future wireless technologies suitable for industrial use, providing an overview with valuable information on their performance including application-specific references. Thus, the handbook provides a useful and compact guide for the initial evaluation of industry-ready wireless communication technologies in the machine building ecosystem from a technology-neutral perspective. --- VDMA Working Group Wireless Communications for Machines ; Lyoner Str. 18 ; 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany ; Phone +49 69 6603-1644 ; E-Mail wcm@vdma.org ; Internet vdma.org/wireless-communications-for-machines}, howpublished = {Book}, keywords = {IIoT, wireless, Wi-Fi6}, url = {https://www.researchgate.net/publication/373143491_Handbook_-_A_Selection_of_Wireless_Communications_Technologies_for_Mechanical_and_Plant_Engineering}, } @proceedings{, author = {C. Sofia, Rute and Prasad, Ramjee and Rufino, Paulo}, title = {12th CONASENSE Symposium - Proceedings}, booktitle = {12th CONASENSE Symposium - Proceedings}, publisher = {River Publishers, USA}, year = {2023}, month = jan, doi = {10.13052/rp-9788770040020}, keywords = {IIoT, sensing, wireless, networking, CONASENSE}, url = {https://www.riverpublishers.com/research_article_details.php?book_id=1051&cid=2}, } @inproceedings{, author = {H. Mohan, Sugandh and C. Sofia, Rute}, title = {Fine Time Measurement Based Synchronisation for Industrial Wireless/Wired Networks}, booktitle = {inProc. IEEE WPMC2022}, publisher = {IEEE}, journal = {inProc. IEEE WPMC 2022}, year = {2022}, month = nov, location = {Herning, Denmark}, howpublished = {inProc. IEEE WPMC2022}, doi = {10.1109/WPMC55625.2022.10014703}, keywords = {wireless, TSN, time synchronization, FTM, Wi-Fi6}, url = {https://www.researchgate.net/publication/367325238_Fine_Time_Measurement_Based_Synchronization_for_Industrial_WirelessWired_Networks}, } @misc{, author = {C. Sofia, Rute}, title = {Neue Standards erweitern deterministische drahtlose Produktionsinfrastructuren}, booktitle = {VDMA Future Manufacturing}, publisher = {VDMA}, journal = {VDMA Future Manufacturing}, year = {2022}, month = oct, howpublished = {VDMA Future Manufacturing}, keywords = {IIoT, wireless, Wi-Fi6, TSN}, url = {https://vdma-verlag.com/home/download_12031.html}, } @article{, author = {Schneider, Ben and C. Sofia, Rute}, title = {A Proposal for Time-Aware Scheduling in Wireless Industrial IoT Environments}, publisher = {IEEE}, journal = {inProc. IEEE/IFIP NOMS 2022}, series = {inProc. IEEE/IFIP NOMS 2022}, year = {2022}, month = apr, keywords = {IIoT, TSN, wireless, Wi-Fi6}, url = {https://www.researchgate.net/publication/357658083_A_Proposal_for_Time-Aware_Scheduling_in_Wireless_Industrial_IoT_Environments}, } @techreport{, author = {C. Sofia, Rute and Kovatsch, Matthias and M. Mendes, Paulo}, title = {Requirements for Reliable Wireless Industrial Services (draft-ietf-raw-industrial-requirements-00)}, booktitle = {draft-ietf-raw-industrial-requirements-00}, publisher = {IETF}, journal = {IETF RAW WG draft}, year = {2021}, month = dec, abstract = {ndling reliable wireless services within the context of industrial environments. The goal of the draft is to bring awareness to communication requirements of current and future wireless industrial services; how can they co-exist with wired infrastructures; key drivers for reliable wireless integration; relevant communication requirements to take into consideration; current and future challenges derived from the use of wireless.}, howpublished = {IETF RAW WG draft, https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-ietf-raw-industrial-requirements/}, keywords = {IIoT; wireless; industrial applications}, url = {https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-ietf-raw-industrial-requirements/}, } @article{, author = {I. Carvalho, Liliana and Maniglia da Silva, Daniel and C. Sofia, Rute}, title = {Leveraging Context-awareness to Better Support the IoT Cloud-Edge Continuum}, journal = {InProc. of The Fifth International Conference on Fog and Mobile Edge Computing (FMEC 2020). Paris, France}, year = {2020}, month = jun, abstract = {Novel Internet of Things (IoT) requirements derived from a broader interconnection of heterogeneous devices have pushed the horizons of Cloud computing and are giving rise to a wider decentralisation of applications and data centers. An answer to the underlying network concerns, such as the need to lower the resulting latency due to heavy computation needs, or safety aspects, gave rise to Edge/Fog computing, where IoT functionality can be also supported closer to data sources. While it is today feasible to perform some IoT functionality on the Edge, the orchestration of operations between Edge and Cloud requires an automated support, where context-awareness plays a key role in assisting the network in deciding when and where to store data and to perform computation. This work is focused on the application of context-awareness to support a smoother operation of the Edge to Cloud operation, aiming at lowering latency, in particular when real-time or close-to-real-time data exchange is present.}, doi = {10.1109/FMEC49853.2020.9144760}, keywords = {IIoT, context-awareness, wireless, sensing}, url = {https://www.researchgate.net/publication/340062246_Leveraging_Context-awareness_to_Better_Support_the_IoT_Cloud-Edge_Continuum}, } @article{, author = {Borrego, Carlos and Amadeo, Marica and Molinaro, Antonella and M. Mendes, Paulo and C. Sofia, Rute and Magaia, Naercio and Borrel, Joan}, title = {Forwarding in Opportunistic Information-CentricNetworks: an Optimal Stopping Approach}, publisher = {IEEE}, journal = {IEEE Communications Magazine, Volume 58, Issue 5, pp 56-61. 10.1109/MCOM.001.1900774.}, year = {2020}, month = mar, keywords = {IIoT, wireless, routing, opportunistic networking, ICN}, url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9112743}, } @inproceedings{, author = {Aponte, Omar and C. Sofia, Rute}, title = {Mobility Management via Inference of Roaming Behavior}, publisher = {Proceedings of the IEEE 15th International Conference on Wireless and Mobile Communications (WiMob 2019), workshop on Selected Topics in Wireless and Mobile Computing (STWiMob2019)}, journal = {WiMob2019 (STWiMob'19)}, year = {2019}, month = oct, location = {Barcelona, Spain}, abstract = {Abstract—This paper contributes to the topic of mobility management anticipation via the exploitation of preferred net- work ranking utility functions. The work proposes, implements, and evaluates a set of ranking functions based on Quality of Service and Quality of Experience indicators. Such indicators are obtained via wireless overhearing, or via active network probing. The functions also take into consideration recommendations from neighboring nodes. The implementation of the functions has been integrated into open-source software. The proposed implementation is evaluated via experiments carried out on a wireless testbed in terms of handover time to completion, total handovers successfully achieved, and rejected handovers. Results obtained show that overhearing is relevant to estimate mobility, as it brings in more sensitivity and lowers the cost of active probing.}, howpublished = {Conference Proceedings}, type = {inproceedings}, keywords = {Mobility management, mobility anticipation, wireless networks, IIoT}, url = {https://www.researchgate.net/publication/335501345_Mobility_Management_Optimization_via_Inference_of_Roaming_Behavior}, }